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3.3增詞 (Amplification)
增詞指翻譯時常常有必要在譯文的詞量上作適當的增加，使譯文既能忠實地傳達原文的內容和風格，又能符合譯入語的表達習慣。
１、根據背景知識增補
1) 世紀偉人鄧小平
Mr. Deng Xiaoping, one of the great figures in the twentieth century
2) 班門弄斧
show off one’s proficiency with axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter
3) 三個臭皮匠，勝過諸葛亮。
The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses Zhuge Liang, the master mind.
２、根據邏輯關系需要增補
漢語重義合、英語重形合。增加連詞成分
３、根據語法需要增補
１）增加量詞
an elephant
a martial music
Soon the whole sky is azure and flaming.
不一會兒，萬里晴空已是一片火紅。
２）增加時、體和語氣（重點）
Yesterday evening I had seen her on her knees in front of the house.
昨天夜晚我曾看見她跪在房子前面。
The research work is being done by a small group of dedicated and imaginative scientists who specialize in extracting from various sea animals substances that may improve the health of the human race.
正在進行
The surgeons weren’t sure how long my new joints would last. But they’re holding up fine.
那些外科醫生（當時）不能肯定我的新關節可以維持多久，但是它們（至今還是）運轉良好。
It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time, as all did, since I had voluntarily come to church.
既然我來教堂出于自愿，僅僅為了禮貌起見，我（本應當）和大家一起下跪。
She would spend hours dressing herself in fine clothes, and brushing her black hair. Then she would stand by the mirror and admire herself.
她（總是）要花好幾個小時為自己盛裝打扮，梳理她烏黑的頭發。之后她還（常常）照著鏡子自我欣賞一番。
I have had the joy of two beautiful and wonderful wives, the happiness of parenthood and the love of eight children.
我有幸（先后）獲得兩位美麗賢惠的妻子帶來的幸福，體驗過為人之父的樂趣和八個子女的愛。
３）增加適當詞語區別單復數
The lion is the king of animals.
獅子是百獸之王。
The slogan “Press on” has solved and always will solve the problems of the human race.
“堅持下去”的口號已經解決并將繼續解決人類的各種問題。
Now, years later, that evening’s loveliness——I so nearly missed——is one of my most cherished memories.
如今多少年過去了，那個我差點失之交臂的迷人傍晚，如今卻成了我最珍貴的記憶。
She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup of tea.
她熱情地將客人們迎了進來，然后給他們各端上一杯茶。
４）增補表達詞
Fortune knocks at every man’s door once in a life, but in a good many cases, the man is in a neighboring saloon and does not hear her.
每一個人的一生中，幸運女神都只來敲一次門，可是許多情況下，那個受到眷顧的人竟在隔壁的酒館里，聽不見她敲門。
French managers are Napoleonic and their management style is imperial.
法國經理人是拿破侖式（內松外緊）的人物，有著帝王般的管理風格。
Long-stemmed models ankled through the lobby.
身材修長的模特裊裊婷婷地從廳中走過。
具體譯法
所謂具體譯法，就是在翻譯過程中把原文中抽象或比較抽象的單詞、詞組、成語或句子用具體或比較具體的單詞、詞組、成語或句子來進行翻譯，從而消除或降低語言差別給翻譯帶來的損失，使譯文產生與原文同樣的效果。
A詞綴法
-tion 作用；過程
We should by no means neglect the evaporation of water.
我們決不能忽視水的蒸發作用。
erosion of steel 鋼的腐蝕（作用）
Many changes take place during the transformation.
在轉化過程中出現了許多變化。
During transportation, the driver should be careful.
在駕駛過程中，司機要小心。
-ing 做法；行為
All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding.
大家都被他那種吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。
-ness 狀態；氣質；心情
We were all greatly moved by his loftiness.
我們都被他那種崇高氣質所深深打動。
humbleness 謙虛作風
We all look down upon his humbleness.
我們都看不起他這種賤相（卑微的態度）。
We have to do our utmost to ameliorate the backwardness of our nation.
我們必須全力以赴改變國家的落后面貌。
John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long.
然而，約翰這種輕松愉悅的心情沒有持續很久。
-ity 性；與-able和-tive相關
reasonability 合理性
sensibility 合理性
sensitivity 敏感性
creativity 創造性
originality 創造性
ingenuity 創造性
readability 可讀性
flexibility 柔韌性、可塑性、靈活性、延展性
B集合名詞法
family 家庭
team, group, family, class, committee, community, city, country, world
Our team is playing well. 今天我們對整體發揮的不錯（隱含之意；對部分隊員不滿）
Our team are playing well. 我們球隊每個人都打瘋了（隱含之意；對每個隊員都非常滿意）
C比喻法
very timid 非常膽小
very strong 非常強壯
D成語法
a great and through-going change 巨大而徹底的變化
very anxious to return home 回家心切
５）增補重復詞（連詞、承上啟下的詞、概括詞）
We have discussed our safety and sanitary regulations.
我們已經討論了安全規則和衛生規則。
We left so much in Vietnam——so much innocence, so many dreams, so many good men and women.
我們在越南失去的東西太多了——失去許許多多無辜的生命，失去許許多多美夢，失去許許多多善良的男男女女。
He had become a master of evasion: his main response to criticism is to threaten, filibuster and delay.
他已是個回避問題的老手：其回應批評的主要方法是一威脅、二阻撓、三拖延。
Mary was ready to go, but first she wanted her book to be in print.
瑪麗準備走了，但先要目睹她那本書出版后才瞑目。
