由于文化上的差異,英譯漢時有時直譯原文就會使譯入語讀者感到費解,甚至誤解。這時,就有必要借用漢語中意義相同或相近、且具有自己鮮明文化色彩的表達法對原文加以歸化。歸化翻譯法常用于處理某些英語成語、典故、形象詞語等一類文化色彩較濃的表達方式。恰倒好處地歸化可以使譯文地道簡潔、生動活潑,便于譯入語讀者理解和接受。例如:
as timid as a hare 膽小如鼠
(在西方文化中,兔子是膽小的象征,而在我國,兔子卻象征著機警敏捷。人們常說:"靜若處子,動若脫兔。"鼠在我國才是膽小的象征,所以翻譯時直接加以歸化。)
at a stone's throw一箭之遙
wet like a drown rat 濕如落湯雞
as stupid as a goose 蠢得像豬
as stubborn as a mule 犟得像牛
seek a hare in a hen's nest 緣木求魚
as dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶
lead a dog's life 過著牛馬一樣的生活
cry up wine and sell vinegar 掛羊頭,賣狗肉
put back the clock 開倒車
talk horse 吹牛
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 殺雞取卵
drink like a fish 牛飲
?。?) Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parson.
嫁雞隨雞,嫁狗隨狗。
(2)One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.
一個和尚挑水吃,兩個和尚抬水吃,三個和尚沒水吃。
?。?) I was limp as a dish rag. My back felt as through it had been beaten with wires.
我軟得像一團棉花,脊背疼痛得好像被鋼絲抽打過一樣。
?。ㄔ闹衛imp as a dish rag,如直譯為"像洗碟布一樣柔軟",既不地道,又讓人產生一種較惡心的感覺,不如用漢語中常說的"軟得像一團棉花"加以歸化。)
?。?) Everybody said how well the new Secretary was doing, but old Mr. Carr said shortly, "Yes. New brooms sweep clean."
人人都說新任秘書干得好,但卡爾老先生卻簡慢地說:"新官上任三把火。"
?。ㄔ膎ew brooms sweep clean的字面意思是"新掃把掃得干凈",比喻"新任職的人干得好",和漢語中的"新官上任三把火"異曲同工,貌離神合。)
(5) Among the blind the one-eyed man is King.
山中無老虎,猴子稱霸王。
?。?) Last night I heard him driving his pig to market.
昨夜我聽到他鼾聲如雷。
?。?) Who would have thought of Mr.Mottram doing so well? And so many of his friends, too, that used to stay here? We were entertaining angels unawares.
誰知道摩特蘭先生干得那么出色?還有他那許多朋友,原來都住在這兒的,誰知道呀?我們真是有眼無珠。