英語口譯三級精講第56講講義

一、口譯練習：視譯+筆記+模擬考試
1、視譯（篇章分析）
2、筆記（熟悉原文的基礎上整理出一套適合自己的筆記方式）
3、模擬考試（分段聽、記、譯）

二、翻譯單項技巧練習 —— 轉換法 conversion
翻譯過程中,我們可以采用詞性轉換和句子成分轉換的翻譯方法。這種方法不僅指詞性的改變，而且還包括句子成分的改變。

1.英譯漢的常見詞類轉換形式

1）各種詞類轉換成動詞
名詞轉換成動詞
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
看到我們的噴氣式飛機，聽見隆隆的機聲，我感到心馳神往。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
火箭以被用來探索宇宙。

介詞轉換成動詞
“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.
“來啦！”她轉身蹦跳著越過草地，跑上小徑，跨上臺階，穿過涼臺，進了門廊。

形容詞轉換成動詞
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
醫生說他們不敢確定能否救得了他的命。
The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.
她能夠給代個信就是暗示。但是我們必須要小心。

副詞轉換成動詞
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.
他跑出去時，忘了穿鞋。

2）各種詞類轉換成名詞
動詞轉換成名詞
To them, he personified the absolute power.
對他們來說，他就是絕對權力的化身。

形容詞轉換成名詞
They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.
他們盡了最大的努力來幫助病號和傷員。

代詞轉換成名詞
The result of this experiment is much better than those of previous ones.
這次試驗結果比前幾次試驗結果都好得多。

副詞轉換成名詞
He is physically weak but mentally sound.
他身體雖弱，但心智健全。

3）各種詞類轉換成形容詞
名詞轉換成形容詞
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時的情緒。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
學習中的獨立思考是絕對必要的。

副詞轉換成形容詞
The pressure inside equals the pressure outside.
內部的壓力和外部的相等。

4）各種詞類轉換成副詞
形容詞轉換成副詞
A helicopter is free to go almost anywhere.
直升飛機幾乎可以自由地飛到任何地方。

名詞和動詞轉換成副詞
I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.
我榮幸地通知您，您的請求已得到批準。
The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.
新市長有禮貌地前來訪問城市貧民，獲得他們的一些好感。

5）英譯漢句子成分的轉換
The baby doubled its weight in a year.
嬰兒的體重一年增長了一倍。 （主語轉換成定語）
She behaves as if she were a child.
她的舉止像是個孩子。（謂語轉換成主語）
Mathematics is well taught at that school.
那個學校的數學教得好。（狀語轉換成定語）

2. 漢譯英的詞類轉換
1）將動詞轉換成名詞、形容詞、介詞、副詞等
徐悲鴻畫馬畫得特別好。
Xu Beihong’s drawing of horses are exceptionally good. （動詞轉化為名詞）
絕對不許違反這個原則。
No violation of this principle can be tolerated. （動詞轉化為名詞）
獲悉貴國遭受地震，我們極為關切。
We are deeply concerned by the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake. （動詞轉化為形容）
他們不顧一切困難、挫折，堅持戰斗。
They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks. （動詞轉化成介詞）

2）其他一些詞類之間的轉換
該廠產品的主要特點是工藝精湛，經久耐用。(fine workmanship and durability)
The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability. （名詞轉化為動詞）
街中的一切逐漸消失在灰暗的暮色里。(a pall of gray)
Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a pall of gray. （形容詞轉化為名詞）

英漢互譯

三、本章重點、難點

詞 匯
on the horizon 初見端倪的、即將來臨的
Famine is on the horizon for this nation. 這個國家面臨饑荒。
A solution to this question is on the horizon. 解決這個問題的辦法已經有點眉目。
in all probability 很可能、多半
In all probability, he will arrive in time for dinner. 他很可能會按時來吃飯的。

句型口譯

感謝你熱情洋溢的歡迎辭。Thank you for your warm welcome.
一日之棰，日取其半，萬世不竭。Cut away half of a rod and keep on halving what is left, and there will be no end to that process.
兼取眾長，以己為善。Learn from others to improve oneself.

四、詞匯口譯

科學時空 science horizon
crystal ball 預卜、預言 （crystal ball gazer 預言者）
on the horizon 初見端倪的、即將來臨的
genetic technology 基因技術、遺傳技術
driving force 驅動力
in all probability 很可能、多半
profound change 深刻變化
智能汽車 intelligent automobile
imaging 影像技術
bar code 條形碼
video marketing 電子營銷
virtual goods 虛擬商品
cyberspace 電腦空間
teleworking 家庭辦公
teleshopping 電話購物
telelearning 遠程學習

課文口譯（一）

一、詞匯口譯

仰觀天文 astronomical observation
俯察地理 geographical survey
天人合一 unity between universe and human
宇宙觀 world outlook
浩如煙海 numerous
春秋時期 The Spring and Autumn Period
戰國時期 The Warring States Period
百家爭鳴 contention of a hundred schools of thoughts
諸子百家 various schools of thought
歷法 calendric system
人文科學 humanities
做出獨特貢獻make unique contribution
甲骨文 oracle bone inscription
日食 solar eclipse
月食 lunar eclipse
哈雷彗星 Halley Comet
地動儀 seismograph
渾天儀 celestial globe
勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem / proposition
圓周率 the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter
十二平均率 the twelve-tone temperament
絲綢之路 silk road
閉館鎖國政策 policy of seclusion
先進的中國人 enlightened Chinese

二、口譯技巧

1.省略
這表明中國古人就已認識到事物的發展變化是無限的，也說明我們的先人對自然界的認識已達到相當的水平。
It shows that the ancient Chinese realized the endless process of changes of matters and had a fairly good understanding of the nature.（省略同義重復）

早在公元前2,500年，中國人就開始了仰觀天文、俯察地理的活動，
As early as in 2,500 B.C. Chinese began astronomical observation and geographical survey,⋯（省略概念范疇類詞語）

春秋戰國時期出現的“百家爭鳴”的局面和老子、孔子等諸子百家的學說，
There appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period “the contention of a hundred schools of thoughts” represented by Lao Zi and Confucius. 原文中“的局面”屬范疇類詞語，翻譯時省略原文中“等諸子百家的學說”與“百家爭鳴”同義重復，翻譯時省略。

2.合并
中國歷史上產生了許多杰出的哲學家、思想家、政治家、軍事家、科學家和文學藝術家，留下了浩如煙海的文化典籍。
China produced in its history many outstanding philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategists, scientists, writers and artists, who left us numerous volumes of literature.（后句作為定語從句并入前句中）