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Good Morning. First please allowme, on behalf of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to extend my warmwelcome to all of you.
今天，我們相聚北京，共同紀念和平共處五項原則發表60周年。專門從國際法角度研討五項原則，這在歷史上還是第一次，具有重要意義和長遠影響。
Today, we gather here in Beijingto commemorate the 60th anniversary of theFive Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. An international law colloquiumspecially dedicated to the FivePrinciples is the first of its kind as far as I can remember. In that senseI believe this event is of special and far-reaching significance.
60年前，中印緬三國在借鑒《聯合國憲章》宗旨和原則的基礎上提出了五項原則，因應了廣大發展中國家反帝、反殖、反霸的時代要求，反映了發展中國家追求獨立、自主、自強、發展的普遍訴求，開啟了不同意識形態和社會制度國家之間交往的合作旅程，豐富和發展了以憲章為核心的國際法基本原則，表明了發展中國家遵循國際法基本原則的堅定立場。它面向亞洲，面向世界，體現著東方智慧，成為國際法和國際關系史上的創舉。
Sixty years ago, drawing on thepurposes and principles of the UN Charter,China, India and Myanmar jointly initiated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. The Five Principles were a direct response to developing countries’appeal against imperialism, colonialism and hegemonism, and reflected theaspirations of those countries for independence, autonomy, self-improvement anddevelopment. The Five Principles alsopioneered a cooperative path for exchanges between countries with differentideologies and social systems. Besides, these Five Principles enriched and developed the fundamental principlesof international law centered on the UNCharter, testifying to developing countries’ firm adherence to thefundamental principles of international law. Epitomizing oriental wisdom, the Five Principles were intended not onlyfor Asia, but also for the world at large, and were a true trailblazer in thehistory of international law and international relations.
60年來，五項原則已發展成為中國獨立自主和平外交政策的基石，載入《中華人民共和國憲法》，并被納入中國與160多個國家的建交公報或雙邊條約。同時，五項原則也被國際社會廣泛認同和遵循，成為指導國與國關系的基本準則，寫入1955年《亞非會議最后公報》的“十項原則”和1974年聯大《各國經濟權利義務憲章》，并為1970年聯大《關于各國依聯合國憲章建立友好關系及合作之國際法原則之宣言》提供了寶貴的國家實踐和法律確信，促進了國際關系健康穩定發展，維護了國際公平正義，為世界和平與人類進步作出了重要貢獻。
During the past six decades, the Five Principles have served as thecornerstone of China’s independent foreign policy of peace. They have beenwritten into the Constitution of thePeople’s Republic of China, and incorporated into the communiqués on theestablishment of diplomatic relations or bilateral treaties that China signedwith over 160 countries. Internationally, they have received wide recognitionand compliance as part of the basic norms governing international relations. TheFive Principles found expressions inthe Ten Principles of Bandungenunciated in the Final Communiqué ofthe 1955 Asian-African Conference ofBandung, and the 1974 UN Charter ofEconomic Rights and Duties of States. Their broad application tointer-state relations also provided evidence of a general practice offundamental principles accepted as law among states as contained in the 1970 UN Declaration on Principles ofInternational Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among Statesin accordance with the Charter of theUnited Nations. It is undeniable that these Principles have promoted the healthy and stable development ofinternational relations, helped achieve international justice, and contributedto world peace and human progress.
女士們，先生們，
Ladies and Gentlemen,
60年后的今天，世界已發生了重大而深刻的變化，國與國之間的相互聯系、相互依存從未像今天這樣緊密，人類的命運共同體意識不斷加強，求和平、謀發展、促合作已經成為各國人民的普遍愿望和國際社會的共同追求。
Sixty years later, the world isundergoing tremendous and profound changes. States have never been so closelylinked and interdependent as today. People across the world have increasinglyrealized that they live in a community of common destiny. Peace, developmentand cooperation have become the aspirations of people from all countries andthe common pursuit of the international community.
五項原則作為一個開放包容的國際法原則體系，60年來不斷被賦予新的內涵，從“和平共處”到“和平發展”，到“和諧世界”，再到“合作共贏”的“命運共同體”，既有傳承，更有發展，必將以其強大的生命力和廣泛的適用性，繼續為世界的和平與發展作出重要貢獻。今天我們繼承和發展五項原則，就是要大力弘揚五項原則四個核心價值觀：
During the past six decades, thetenets of the Five Principles, as aset of principles of international law that is open and inclusive, have beenconstantly enriched by evolving notions from peaceful coexistence to peacefuldevelopment, to harmonious world, and to today’s win-win cooperation andcommunity of common destiny. With its strong vitality and universalapplicability, these Principles will continue to contribute significantly toworld peace and development. Today, as part of our efforts to carry forwardthese Principles, we should uphold four core values enshrined in the Five Principles:
第一是主權觀，這是五項原則的根本基礎。堅持主權原則，就是要相互尊重彼此主權、安全和核心利益，尊重一國維護國家統一和領土完整的固有權利，相互尊重各自的社會制度、意識形態和發展道路，求同“融異”。一國的事情由本國人民做主，國際上的事情由各國人民商量著辦。要依據《聯合國憲章》和其他國際條約,尊重、保護和促進個人人權和集體人權以及維護發展權。堅持主權原則，就是要堅持不干涉內政。世界在變，國際社會的共同利益在擴大，但這均不能成為隨意干涉他國內部事務的借口，更不能成為煽動內亂、鼓動分裂、顛覆政權的理由，否則就會天下大亂，國際社會的共同利益就無從談起。
Firstly, the concept ofsovereignty, which forms the foundation of the Five Principles. The principle of sovereignty is about mutualrespect for sovereignty, security and core interests, respect for the inherentright of a country to maintain its unity and territorial integrity, mutualrespect for social system, ideology and path of development, and seeking commonground while reconciling differences. The domestic affairs of a country shouldbe determined by its people, whereas international affairs should be handledthrough consultation by people of all countries in a democratic manner.Individual and collective human rights must be respected, protected andpromoted, and the right to development be defended in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and otherinternational treaties. No country shall interfere in the domestic affairs ofother countries. The world is indeed undergoing enormous changes and there is agrowing convergence of international common interests. But this should not beused as an excuse for wilfully interfering in the domestic affairs of othercountries, or offer ground for acts aimed to incite civil strife, instigateseparation, or overthrow a government. Otherwise the world will be in chaos,and the common interest of the international community is merely empty talk.
第二是和平觀，這是五項原則的最高價值。要和平，就要堅持互不侵犯，反對戰爭，反對侵略，反對武力威脅和非法使用武力，就要維護以聯合國安理會為核心的集體安全機制，不斷完善以規則為基礎的區域安全穩定架構。要和平，就必須和平解決國際爭端，妥善處理歷史遺留問題，尊重相互選擇和平解決爭端方法的權利，堅持以“同意”、“自愿”為基礎的國際法精神，避免采取單方面行為，致力于通過談判與協商解決分歧。
Secondly, the concept of peace,which represents the supreme value of the FivePrinciples. To maintain peace, countries must refrain from invasion andoppose war, aggression, threat or use of force. They must uphold the system ofcollective security where the Security Council plays the central role, andconstantly improve the rules-based regional security and stabilityarchitecture. To maintain peace, countries must settle international disputespeacefully, properly resolve issues left over from history, and respect eachother’s right to choose peaceful means for dispute settlement. They must upholdthe spirit of international law based on consent and voluntariness, refrainfrom unilateral actions, and commit themselves to settling disputes throughnegotiations and consultations.
第三是共贏觀，這是五項原則的最終目標。實現共贏，就是要在平等基礎上，通過國際合作，實現互利，同時，要推動構建共同發展、共享發展的命運共同體。要加強經濟上的互利合作，以自身發展促進共同發展，以共同發展保障自身發展。要摒棄文明沖突思維，促進“茶文化”、“咖啡文化”和其他文化的交流互鑒。要促進經濟、社會與環境的協調可持續發展，全面提升人類長久福祉，不斷增進國際社會共同利益。
Thirdly, the concept of win-winprogress, which is the ultimate objective of the Five Principles. To achieve win-win progress, countries need toengage in mutually beneficial international cooperation on the basis ofequality. They must promote the establishment of a community of common destiny,in which development is achieved and shared by all. Countries should promoteeconomic cooperation on the basis of mutual benefit, and boost common developmentthrough their own development, which in turn can be safeguarded by commondevelopment. Countries must discard the thinking of clash of civilizations, andpromote exchanges between different cultures such as those of tea and coffee.It is important to advance the coordinated and sustainable development of theeconomy, society and environment, promote the long-lasting well-being ofmankind and the common interests of the international community.
第四是正義觀，這是五項原則的內在要求。五項原則含有四個“互”字、一個“共”字，體現了各國權利、義務和責任相統一的精神。堅持正義，就是要在國際關系中依法辦事，任何國家都沒有超越國際法的特權，都不能有選擇地適用國際法，也不能在適用國際法時采取雙重標準。堅持正義，就是要倡導國際法治，推動國際關系民主化，通過法律手段維護國際和平與安全，促進合作與發展，建立以法律為基礎的國際秩序。
Fourthly, the concept of justice,which is the intrinsic requirement of the FivePrinciples. The inclusion of the word “mutual” or the prefix “co-” in the Five Principles reflects the unity ofrights, obligations and responsibilities. Countries should engage ininternational relations in accordance with international law. No country shallplace itself above international law, apply international law selectively, oradopt double standards in the application of international law. To upholdjustice is to advocate the international rule of law, promote democracy in internationalrelations, maintain international peace and security through legal means,promote cooperation and development, and establish a law-based internationalorder.
女士們，先生們，
Ladies and Gentlemen,
國際法治是人類的共同追求。當前，倡導國際法治是國際社會的重要議程。堅持和平共處五項原則的核心價值觀，對建設國際法治具有重要的指導意義：
The international rule of law isthe common pursuit of mankind and an important priority of the internationalcommunity. Adherence to the core values of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence will provide us withvaluable guidance for the establishment of international rule of law.
首先，在國際立法方面，各國應平等地參與國際法的制定，全面、均衡、公平體現各國的權利、義務和責任，兼顧各國利益和國際社會的共同利益，完善和充實現有法律框架，拓展新的法律領域，特別是加強在海洋、外空、網絡和極地等新疆域的國際立法。
Firstly, as regards internationallegislation, countries should participate in international law-making on anequal footing, to reflect rights, obligations and responsibilities of allcountries in a comprehensive, balanced and fair manner, and accommodate theinterests of individual countries and the common interests of the internationalcommunity. The existing legal framework should be further improved and newareas be explored. In particular, international legislation regulating ouractivities in new domains such as high sea, outer space, cyberspace and polarareas need to be enhanced.
其次，在國際法的解釋和適用方面，各國必須嚴格遵守條約和習慣等國際法規則，依法行使權利，善意履行義務和責任，確保國際法的平等和統一適用。不論國內還是國際司法機構，都不應越權解釋和適用國際法，更不得刻意曲解。國際法的解釋和適用應有助于國際關系的和平與穩定以及國際公平正義。
Secondly, as regardsinterpretation and application of international law, countries must strictlyabide by treaties, common practices, and other rules of international law. Theyshould exercise their rights within the legal bounds and fulfil theirobligations and responsibilities in good faith. They are also obliged to ensurethe equitable and coherent application of international law. Neither domesticnor international judicial bodies shall ultra vires interpret or applyinternational law, still less deliberately misinterpret the relevant rules. Inone word, the interpretation and application of international law shouldcontribute to international peace, stability and justice.
第三，在國際秩序方面，各國應致力于建設公平合理的國際政治經濟新秩序，維護發展中國家充分的代表性和平等的發言權。各國應繼續維護聯合國在維持國際和平與安全、保障經濟社會穩定與發展和強化國際治理方面的中心作用。倡導和平、合作、共贏的理念，有利于建設新型國家關系，實現人類的共同發展和世界的持久和平。
Thirdly, as regards internationalorder, countries should strive for the establishment of a fair and equitablenew international political and economic order, and ensure that developingcountries are fully represented and their voices equally heard. Countriesshould continue to uphold the central role of the United Nations in maintaininginternational peace and security, securing economic and social stability anddevelopment and enhancing global governance. To sum up, the notions such aspeace, cooperation and win-win progress should be championed with a view toforging a new type of international relations and achieving the commondevelopment of mankind and lasting peace of the world.
女士們，先生們，
Ladies and Gentlemen,
中國是一個有擔當的國家。我們將一如既往地維護《聯合國憲章》的宗旨和原則，努力踐行和平共處五項原則，始終不渝地走和平發展道路，做國家主權的堅定捍衛者，國際和平與安全的有力維護者，經濟社會合作與發展的全面推動者，國際秩序和國際法治的積極塑造者。
China is a responsible country.We will, as always, uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, practice the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence,and stick to the path of peaceful development. China will present itself as afirm defender for state sovereignty, a staunch upholder for international peaceand security, an energetic promoter for economic and social cooperation anddevelopment, and an active builder for international order and rule of law.
謝謝大家。
Thanks for your attention.
