評論
打印
Speech at the Government of Japan-World Bank Conference on Universal Health Coverage
在日本政府與世界銀行全民健康覆蓋大會上的講話
World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim
世界銀行集團行長金墉
Tokyo, Japan
東京，日本
December 6, 2013
2013年12月6日
Thank you, Mr. Shibusawa, for that kind introduction, and for the excellent work of JCIE.
感謝Shibusawa先生的熱情介紹，感謝JCIE的杰出工作。
I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to Minister Aso, Professor Takemi, and the Government of Japan for hosting us, and for the continuing strong partnership between Japan and the World Bank Group.
我向麻生太郎副首相、Takemi教授以及作為東道主的日本政府表示衷心的感謝，并對日本與世界銀行集團長期密切的合作表示感謝。
I also would like to thank all of the honorable ministers from Ethiopia, Ghana, Myanmar, Senegal, and Vietnam who are here with us today. Thank you for your time and for your commitment to universal health coverage.
我還想感謝今天在座的埃塞俄比亞、加納、緬甸、塞內加爾和越南的各位部長閣下，感謝你們撥冗出席以及你們對全面健康覆蓋的承諾。
It is very appropriate that we are meeting in Japan on the topic of universal health coverage. When it comes to universal health coverage, Japan has led the world by example.
我們在日本開會探討全民健康覆蓋問題是十分合適的。在全民健康覆蓋的問題上，日本以身作則，領先世界。
Japan achieved universal health coverage 52 years ago in 1961—17 years before the global community gathered in Alma-Ata to call for “health for all” and “development in the spirit of social justice.” The Kishi and Ikeda reforms that led to universal coverage promoted social solidarity and helped unleash Japan’s rapid economic growth and shared prosperity.
日本在52年前、即1961年就實現了全民健康覆蓋，是國際社會在阿拉木圖聚會呼吁“人人享有保健”和“在社會公正精神下實現發展”的52年之前。岸信介和池田勇人推行的改革帶來了全民健康覆蓋，從而促進了社會團結，幫助日本釋放出了高速經濟增長和共享繁榮的潛力。
Japan is not only a leader in achieving universal health coverage for its own citizens, but Japan is also a leader in extending this commitment to universal health to poor people around the globe. Through its leadership of G8 summits and its various roles on the global stage, Japan has helped mobilize substantial global health and development assistance that has saved countless lives and advanced the health and well-being of millions.
日本不僅率先實現了本國公民的全民健康覆蓋，而且也率先將全民健康覆蓋的承諾擴大到全球各地的貧困民眾。日本通過自身在八國集團峰會上的領導力及其在全球舞臺上擔任的各種角色，幫助調動了大量全球健康與發展援助，拯救了無數生命，推進了億萬人民的健康與福祉。
Today, there is a large and growing movement in developing countries to undertake the necessary comprehensive health reforms to achieve universal coverage. To reflect this reality, the goal of universal health coverage should be firmly embedded in the emerging post-2015 global development agenda.
如今，發展中國家已出現一場大規模的并且不斷擴大的運動，推行必要的全面衛生改革以實現全民健康覆蓋。為了反映這一現實，應將全民健康覆蓋的目標牢牢地嵌入新的2015年后全球發展議程。
The quest for universal coverage is not only a demand for better health – it’s a demand for equity.
尋求全民健康覆蓋，不僅是對改善健康的需求，也是對公平的需求。
At the World Bank Group, achieving universal health coverage and equity in health are central to reaching the global goals to end extreme poverty by 2030 and boost shared prosperity.
在世界銀行集團，實現全民健康覆蓋和衛生保健公平，對于實現到2030年消除極度貧困和促進共享繁榮的全球性目標十分重要。
My colleagues and I at the Bank Group are deeply committed to helping countries realize their aspirations for universal coverage. Our aims are clear:
我和我在世行集團的同事們都堅定地致力于幫助各國實現全民健康覆蓋的愿望。我們的目標是明確的：
First, everyone should have access to affordable, quality health services. Our commitment is universal, but during the next 755 days until the MDG deadline in December 2015, we are putting a special focus on expanding access to vital services for poor women and children. We are helping the poorest countries scale up results-based financing programs that are already producing dramatic improvements in maternal and child health in countries from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe.
首先，人人都應享有負擔得起的優質醫療保健服務。我們的承諾是具有普遍意義的，但是在今后直至2015年12月千年發展目標到期的755天里，我們亟待重視加強對貧困婦女兒童的基本服務提供，我們正在幫助最貧窮國家擴大成果導向型融資計劃的規模，這些計劃已在阿富汗、津巴布韋等國的孕產婦和兒童健康方面帶來了顯著改善。
Second, no one should be forced into poverty, or be kept in poverty, to pay for the health care they need. Every year an estimated 100 million people – that’s more than a quarter of a million people every day – face poverty as a result of out-of-pocket health care costs. So we must pay special attention to affordability for the poorest 40 percent of the population in every developing country.
第二，任何人都不應因支付所需醫療保健服務的費用而被迫陷入貧困或持續陷于貧窮。據估計每年約有1億人——即每天超過25萬人——由于自付醫療費用而面臨貧困。因此，我們必須特別關注各發展中國家最貧窮的40％人口的支付能力。
Third, all countries must harness investments in other sectors beyond health that provide the essential foundations for a healthy society. Achieving universal health coverage requires solutions beyond the health sector – including targeted efforts in areas such as education, social protection, roads, transport, water and sanitation, public finance, and information technology.
第三，所有國家都必須充分利用超出衛生部門以外的其他部門的投資，為建設一個健康的社會奠定必要的基礎。實現全民健康覆蓋，需要有超越衛生部門的解決方案，包括在教育、社會保護、道路、交通、供水和衛生設施、公共財政和信息技術等領域做出有針對性的努力。
For example, we know that one of the most successful interventions to improve child health has involved putting money in the hands of poor mothers via conditional cash transfers. Air quality improvements, as well as tobacco taxation and road safety policies can play a critical role in turning the tide on the alarming increase in chronic conditions and injuries we see today in so many developing countries.
例如，我們知道，改善兒童健康的最成功的干預措施之一是通過有條件現金轉移支付將錢交到貧困母親的手中。改善空氣質量以及煙草稅和道路安全政策都可以在遏制許多發展中國家慢病和傷害急劇上升方面發揮重要的作用。
Helping countries advance universal health coverage is a strategic priority across the World Bank Group. Through our Bank loans and technical assistance, we are partnering with middle-income countries to design and implement tough health sector reforms and contain costs, while at the same time expanding and sustaining coverage.
幫助各國推進全民健康覆蓋是整個世界銀行集團的一個戰略重點。我們通過世行貸款和技術援助，正在與中等收入國家合作設計和實施艱難的衛生部門改革和控制成本，與此同時擴大和保持覆蓋面。
Through IDA, our fund for the poorest countries, we are supporting the next generation of countries to lay the foundations for universal health coverage. Japan’s continuing strong support for IDA in our current replenishment round will be critical if we are to scale up our efforts over the next three years.
我們還通過面向最貧困國家的基金國際開發協會，協助一批國家為全面健康覆蓋奠定基礎。日本繼續對本輪國際開發協會增資給予強有力的支持，這對于我們在未來三年擴大我們的業務規模是至關重要的。
And through the International Finance Corporation, our private sector arm, we are helping both middle- and low-income countries harness the resources and innovation of the private sector, working in concert with the public sector. The private sector represents a large, and in many cases, growing share of the health care market in developing countries--so the private sector must be integrated into universal health coverage reform efforts.
我們也通過世行的私營部門窗口國際金融公司，幫助中等收入國家和低收入國家充分利用私營部門的資源與創新，與公共部門協同努力。私營部門在發展中國家的醫療保健市場中占有很大份額，而且在許多情況下其份額還在持續增長。因此，必須將私營部門結合到全民健康覆蓋的改革努力之中。
While there is no single pathway for countries to achieve universal health coverage, all countries can learn from one another’s experiences as they chart and calibrate their own paths. Why, for example, are some countries able to achieve better maternal and child health outcomes than others with the same level of resources? How have some countries managed a rapid expansion in coverage? What are the best ways for governments to engage private sector partners while ensuring equity and quality?
雖然各國實現全民健康覆蓋沒有統一的路徑，但各國在規劃和調整自己的路徑時可以相互學習交流經驗。例如，為什么有些國家能以同等的資源取得更好的孕產婦和兒童健康結果？有些國家是如何做到快速擴大健康覆蓋的？政府吸收私營部門伙伴參與同時又確保公平與質量的最佳途徑是什么？
As a global health community, we need to document, evaluate, and share lessons across countries, to save lives, reduce spiraling health care costs, and demonstrate value for the money. That’s why at the World Bank Group we are placing a priority on what we are calling the science of delivery. We are gathering data and evidence on what works and what doesn’t. We are beginning to systematically capture this knowledge and then we will make sure that these lessons from experiences around the world can be applied to local situations.
作為一個全球健康社會，我們需要記錄、評估和分享各國的經驗，以挽救生命，降低不斷攀升的醫療保健成本，并證明物有所值。這就是為什么我們世界銀行集團重視我們稱之為“交付的科學”，收集“可行”與“不可行”的數據和實證，我們已開始系統地捕獲這種知識，然后確保從世界各國經驗中獲得的啟示可以應用到本地情況下。
This is where our Japan-World Bank Group Partnership Program on universal health coverage and this conference play such an important role, yielding a wealth of practical lessons from country experiences.
這就是日本與世界銀行集團全民健康覆蓋合作計劃以及此次大會的用武之地，從各國經驗中產生大量豐富的實際經驗啟示。
