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一、釣魚島是中國的固有領土
I. Diaoyu Dao is China's Inherent Territory
釣魚島及其附屬島嶼位于中國臺灣島的東北部，是臺灣的附屬島嶼，分布在東經123°20′-124°40′，北緯25°40′-26°00′之間的海域，由釣魚島、黃尾嶼、赤尾嶼、南小島、北小島、南嶼、北嶼、飛嶼等島礁組成，總面積約5.69平方千米。釣魚島位于該海域的最西端，面積約3.91平方千米，是該海域面積最大的島嶼，主峰海拔362米。黃尾嶼位于釣魚島東北約27千米，面積約0.91平方千米，是該海域的第二大島，最高海拔117米。赤尾嶼位于釣魚島東北約110千米，是該海域最東端的島嶼，面積約0.065平方千米，最高海拔75米。
Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands, which consist of Diaoyu Dao, Huangwei Yu, Chiwei Yu, Nanxiao Dao, Beixiao Dao, Nan Yu, Bei Yu, Fei Yu and other islands and reefs, are located to the northeast of China's Taiwan Island, in the waters between 123o20'-124o40'E (East Longitude) and 25o40'-26o00'N (North Latitude), and are affiliated to the Taiwan Island. The total landmass of these islands is approximately 5.69 square kilometers. Diaoyu Dao, situated in the western tip of the area, covers a landmass of about 3.91 square kilometers and is the largest island in the area. The highest peak on the island stands 362 meters above the sea level. Huangwei Yu, which is located about 27 kilometers to the northeast of Diaoyu Dao, is the second largest island in the area, with a total landmass of about 0.91 square kilometers and a highest elevation of 117 meters. Chiwei Yu, situated about 110 kilometers to the northeast of Diaoyu Dao, is the easternmost island in the area. It covers a landmass of approximately 0.065 square kilometers and stands 75 meters above the sea level at its peak.
(一)中國最先發現、命名和利用釣魚島
1. Diaoyu Dao was first discovered, named and exploited by China
中國古代先民在經營海洋和從事海上漁業的實踐中，最早發現釣魚島并予以命名。在中國古代文獻中，釣魚島又稱釣魚嶼、釣魚臺。目前所見最早記載釣魚島、赤尾嶼等地名的史籍，是成書于1403年(明永樂元年)的《順風相送》。這表明，早在十四、十五世紀中國就已經發現并命名了釣魚島。
1372年(明洪武五年)，琉球國王向明朝朝貢，明太祖遣使前往琉球。至1866年(清同治五年)近500年間，明清兩代朝廷先后24次派遣使臣前往琉球王國冊封，釣魚島是冊封使前往琉球的途經之地，有關釣魚島的記載大量出現在中國使臣撰寫的報告中。如，明朝冊封使陳侃所著《使琉球錄》(1534年)明確記載“過釣魚嶼，過黃毛嶼，過赤嶼，……見古米山，乃屬琉球者”。明朝冊封使郭汝霖所著《使琉球錄》(1562年)記載，“赤嶼者，界琉球地方山也”。清朝冊封副使徐葆光所著《中山傳信錄》(1719年)明確記載，從福建到琉球，經花瓶嶼、彭佳嶼、釣魚島、黃尾嶼、赤尾嶼，“取姑米山(琉球西南方界上鎮山)、馬齒島，入琉球那霸港”。
Ancient ancestors in China first discovered and named Diaoyu Dao through their production and fishery activities on the sea. In China's historical literatures, Diaoyu Dao is also called Diaoyu Yu or Diaoyu Tai. The earliest historical record of the names of Diaoyu Dao, Chiwei Yu and other places can be found in the book Voyage with a Tail Wind (Shun Feng Xiang Song) published in 1403 (the first year of the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty). It shows that China had already discovered and named Diaoyu Dao by the 14th and 15th centuries.P In 1372 (the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty), the King of Ryukyu started paying tribute to the imperial court of the Ming Dynasty. In return, Emperor Hongwu (the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty) sent imperial envoys to Ryukyu. In the following five centuries until 1866 (the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty), the imperial courts of the Ming and Qing Dynasties sent imperial envoys to Ryukyu 24 times to confer titles on the Ryukyu King, and Diaoyu Dao was exactly located on their route to Ryukyu. Ample volume of records about Diaoyu Dao could be found in the reports written by Chinese imperial envoys at the time. For example, the Records of the Imperial Title-conferring Envoys to Ryukyu (Shi Liu Qiu Lu) written in 1534 by Chen Kan, an imperial title-conferring envoy from the Ming court, clearly stated that "the ship has passed Diaoyu Dao, Huangmao Yu, Chi Yu... Then Gumi Mountain comes into sight, that is where the land of Ryukyu begins." The Shi Liu Qiu Lu of another imperial envoy of the Ming Dynasty, Guo Rulin, in 1562 also stated that "Chi Yu is the mountain that marks the boundary of Ryukyu". In 1719, Xu Baoguang, a deputy title-conferring envoy to Ryukyu in the Qing Dynasty, clearly recorded in his book Records of Messages from Chong-shan (Zhong Shan Chuan Xin Lu) that the voyage from Fujian to Ryukyu passed Huaping Yu, Pengjia Yu, Diaoyu Dao, Huangwei Yu, Chiwei Yu and reached Naba (Naha) port of Ryukyu via Gumi Mountain (the mountain guarding the southwest border of Ryukyu) and Machi Island.
