難句解析:
①Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.
▲這個句子中包含了一個強調句型,基本結構是it is... that...,強調部分的關鍵詞是suffering,這個詞就是后面that引導的從句的主語,因而這個句子的核心句其實就是Suffering makes the ideal so fascinating。suffering加上前后的修飾、限定成分是humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought(人類受水旱災害控制的長期的苦難);ideal后面跟了一個of引導的分詞短語:forcing the waters to do our bidding(讓河水聽我們吩咐[的這個理想]);suffering使得這個ideal如何呢?so fascinating。在掌握了這個整體框架之后,這個句子就很清楚了。
△通過分析結構我們知道此句強調的是suffering這個使得ideal如此fascinating的這個因果關系。一旦給that引導的從句找到了真正的主語suffering,這個句子的基本結構就出來了。
②It doesn't help that building a big, powerful dam had become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves.
▲這個句子中第一個單詞it指代的是文章中上面的一句話,即“從大型水壩中得到的教訓是不一定大的就是好的”。help后面是一個從句,在這個從句中,主語是一個現在分詞短語,核心句是Building a dam had become a symbol of achievement。分詞短語striving to assert themselves是修飾nations and people的限定成分。
△注意it doesn't help的意思,此處意為“無法阻止”。
③The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left — all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
▲這個句子首先要注意的是有兩個謂語:stopped和deprived;然后可以找出這個句子的核心句:The Aswan Dam stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the silt。第一個silt后面有一個that引導的從句that floods left修飾silt;破折號后面的all代替的是破折號前面所說的the fertile silt,介詞短語in return for后面的賓語帶了一個which引導的從句,修飾的是這個賓語:a giant reservoir of disease,同時這個從句中還有一個so... that的結構。如果把這個which引導的從句分解開來就是The reservoir is now full of silt, so it barely generates electricity。
△此句理解的關鍵有三個:一是找到兩個謂語:stopped和deprived;二是要明白all指的是前面所說的the fertile silt;三就是which引導的從句修飾的是the reservoir of disease這個名詞短語。
④This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.
▲這個句子理解上的困難可能出現在短語上。撇開前面的時間狀語和地點狀語不看,這個句子的核心句其實是Slovaks and Hungarians stopped sending troops。這里有兩個短語需要理解:short of差一點就;send in派遣。后面的in their contention over a dam說的是他們sending in the troops的原因。再加上前后的狀語短語,就有了一個完整理解。
△這個句子的短語和介詞非常重要,除了結構分析中所說的兩個短語之外,in the contentions,over a dam,on the Danube都對句子理解非常重要。
⑤Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.
▲這個句子的核心句是Study can help to resolve conflicts。但是理解的重點卻在study后面的修飾成分,因為study后面有兩個并列關系的of,說明了study的內容:study of the impacts of dams和study of the cost and benefits of controlling water。第三個of修飾的是the cost and benefits兩個名詞,of后面是個動名詞短語。這個修飾成分解決了,后面的句子就好理解了,再注意一下help to do sth.的用法。
△主要是四個of的用法,注意哪兩個of是并列關系(of the impacts和of the cost and benefits)。
v. 威脅,恐嚇