解析:
(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
結構分析:
狀語Furthermore, // 主句humans // have // the ability 后置定語to / modify the environment // 定語從句in which // they // live, // 結果狀語thus // subjecting all other life forms to // their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
詞義推敲:
furthermore:而且,此外
modify the environment in which they live:改變他們的生存/所居住環(huán)境
modify:to change in form or character; alter 變更,在形式或特征上改變,修改
they:指代“humans”
subjecting all other life forms to 讓所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從……
other life forms = other forms of life 其它形式的生命
peculiar:獨特的,特有的
fancy:imagination, especially of a whimsical or fantastic nature 想象,尤指有異想天開或空想的特性的,喜好
參考譯文:
(而且/另外/并且/更進一步來說/甚至/不僅如此/此外),人類還有能力(改變/改善/改進/改造)自己的生存環(huán)境,從而使所有(其它形態(tài)的生命/其他生命形式/其他生命形態(tài)/其他形式的生命)(服從于/承受/都符合/按照……來改變/將……進行改造/與……一致/適應)人類自己獨特的想法和想像。
得分重點:
定語從句,固定短語
(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
結構分析:
主句Social science // is // that branch of / intellectual enquiry // 定語從句which // seeks to / study // humans and their endeavors // 方式狀語in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner // 定語從句that natural scientists // use // 目的狀語for the study of / natural phenomena.
詞義推敲:
Social science 社會科學
intellectual enquiry 知識探究
enquiry = inquiry:探究,探索
seek to:試圖,設法
humans and their endeavors 人類及其行為
endeavor:努力
in … manner 以……方式,用……方法
reasoned 理性的
orderly 有序的
dispassioned 冷靜的
natural phenomena 自然現象
參考譯文:
社會科學是知識探索/探究/探尋的一個分支,它力圖/試圖/致力于/尋求像自然科學家研究自然現象那樣,用理性的/推理的、有序的/有規(guī)律的/有條理的/有秩序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的/客觀的/不受情緒影響的)(方式/方法)研究人類及其行為。
得分重點:
定語從句
(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
結構分析:
主語The emphasis on / data / 后置定語gathered first-hand, // combined with // a cross-cultural perspective // brought to // the analysis of / cultures / past and present, // 謂語makes // this study // a 前置定語unique and distinctly important social science.
詞義推敲:
The emphasis對……的強調,對……的重視
data gathered first-hand搜集的第一手資料
first-hand:直接地,第一手地
combined with加上
a cross-cultural perspective跨文化視角
參考譯文:
(強調/注重/重視/對于……重視/對于……強調)(搜集/采集/收集)第一手(資料/數據),(加上/結合/連同)在分析(過去和現在的文化(形態(tài))/古今文化/過去和現在的文化現象)時采用(跨文化/文化交匯/交叉文化)(視角/視點/觀察),使這一研究成為一門(獨特/獨一無二/與眾不同)并且(非常重要的/極為重要的/特別重要的/有特殊重要性的)社會科學。
得分重點:
多重定語結構
(64)Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”
結構分析:
主句Tylor // defined culture as // 直接引語"... 引語的主句that complex whole // 定語從句which // includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, / and any other capabilities / and habits // 后置定語acquired by man // as a member of society."
詞義推敲:
Tylor人名,按照音譯“泰勒”。
defined culture as 將文化定義為
that complex whole 一個復合體
which:指代“whole”,譯作“它”。
morals 道德
acquire:取得,獲得
man as a member of society 人作為社會成員/作為社會成員的人
參考譯文:
泰勒(把文化定義為/為文化下的定義是/是這樣定義文化的)“……一個(復合整體/復合體/綜合體/集合體/統(tǒng)一體/復雜整體/組合體),(它包括人作為社會成員所獲得的信仰、藝術、道德、法律、風俗以及其它能力和習慣/它包括(信仰/信念)、藝術、(道德/倫理)、法律、風俗(習慣)以及人作為社會成員所(獲得/獲取)的其它能力和習慣)。”
得分重點:
定語從句,后置定語
(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
結構分析:
狀語結構Thus, // 主語 多重定語the anthropological concept of / "culture," // 插入結構 舉例like // 多重定語the concept of / "set" / in mathematics, // 謂語is // an abstract concept // 定語從句which // makes 倒裝結構 // possible // 前置定語immense amounts of / concrete research and understanding.
詞義推敲:
the anthropological concept of "culture," 人類學的“文化”的概念
the concept of "set" in mathematics 數學中“集合”的概念
an abstract concept抽象概念
abstract:considered apart from concrete existence 抽象的,和真實存在不同的
which:指代“concept”,譯作“它”。
make sth possible 使得……成為可能
which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding:(它/這種概念)使大量的具體研究和認識(成為可能/有可能進行)
immense amounts of concrete research大量的具體研究
參考譯文:
(因此/所以),人類學中“文化”的(概念/觀念)就像數學中“集合”的概念一樣,是一個抽象概念。(它/這種概念)使大量的具體研究和認識(成為可能/有可能進行)。
得分重點:
插入結構,定語從句,倒裝結構