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Unit 3 Text A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND DEFINITIONS
第三單元 課文A 歷史背景與定義
The term “cancer” is derived from Karkinos, the Greek word for crab.
“癌癥”一詞來自希臘文Karkinos，意為螃蟹。
Cancer as a clinical entity is described in the early writings of Greeks and Romans
癌癥作為臨床的一個病種在希臘人和羅馬人的早期著作中已有所描述，
and has assumed a position of special significance as a much-feared disease and as an object of intensive biomedical investigation.
而且作為極可怕的疾病以及人們進行大量生物醫學研究的對象，它占有特別重要的位置。
Peyton Rous, a Nobel laureate for his pioneering work on viral oncology, wrote, “Tumors destroy man in a unique and appalling way, as flesh of his own flesh,
佩頓·勞斯因在病毒腫瘤學方面的開拓性研究而獲得諾貝爾獎，他曾經寫到：“腫瘤雖然仍是人體的血肉，但它卻以獨特的，駭人聽聞的方式摧毀人體，
which had somehow been rendered proliferative, rampant, predatory and ungovernable. ”
并莫名其妙地迅速繁殖、蔓延、瘋狂掠奪、無法控制?！?/div>
In the United States about 1 million new cases of invasive cancer, excluding superficial skin cancers, are diagnosed each year,
美國每年確診約100萬擴散性腫瘤病例，不包括皮膚癌，
and half that number die each year of cancer.
每年約50萬人死于癌癥。
Cancer ranks second only to heart disease among the leading causes of death in the United States.
癌癥成為美國第二大殺手，僅次于心臟病。
Important trends have occurred in the incidence and mortality of cancer in the past two decades,
在過去二十年間，確診病例和死亡率已逐漸形成趨勢，
with marked increases in deaths due to lung cancer in women and malignant melanoma, myeloma, brain tumors, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in men and women.
隨著女性肺癌數量增加，男女惡性黑素瘤、骨髓瘤、腦瘤以及非霍金淋巴瘤的增多，死亡率逐漸升高。
At the same time, mortality due to cancer has declined for the population less than 65 years of age，primarily as the result of improvements in treatment and early detection.
與此同時，隨著治療手段不斷提高以及早期發現，65歲以下患者死亡率降低。
There are also marked differences in the incidence rates of various cancers in different parts of the globe;
在全球不同地區，各類癌癥的發病率也不同，
esophageal, hepatocellular, and stomach cancer occur with much greater frequency in developing countries,
食道癌、肝細胞癌以及胃癌常出現在發展中國家，
undoubtedly as a function of exposure to hepatitis B and to carcinogens in the diet and the environment.
毫無疑問，這與乙肝、飲食致癌物以及環境有關。
Lung, breast, and colon cancer predominate in industrialized countries.
肺癌、乳腺癌以及結腸癌主要出現在發達國家。
譯文屬可可英語原創，未經允許，不得轉載。
