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Shin splints may have very similar symptoms as a stress fracture of the tibia but they are due to inflammation of the lining of the bone, called the periosteum.
與脛骨應力骨折相比，外脛夾的病癥極其相似，但它是因骨膜發炎導致，我們稱它為骨外膜。
Shin splints are caused by overuse, especially in runners, walkers, dancers, including those who do aerobics.
外脛夾的病因為過度損傷，通常在跑步運動員、健走運動員以及舞者間最為常見，這其中也包括雜技演員。
Muscles that run through the periosteum and the bone itself may also become inflamed.
骨外膜肌肉，以及骨骼本身就會引起發炎。
Treatment is similar to a stress fracture and physical therapy can be helpful.
治療方法與應力骨折相似，物理療法也可起到作用。
COMPRESSION FRACTURE
受壓骨折
As people age, there is a potential for the bones to develop osteoporosis, a condition where bones lose their calcium content.
隨著年齡增長，鈣流失加快，患骨質疏松概率增加。
This makes bone more susceptible to breaking.
也就更容易骨折。
One such type of injury is a compression fracture to the spine, most often the thoracic or lumbar spine.
其中一種是脊柱受壓骨折，通常發生在胸廓或腰椎。
Since we are an upright animal, if the bones of the back cannot withstand the force of gravity these bones can crumple.
人類為直立動物，若脊柱骨無法承受過重壓力，它就會發生坍塌。
Pain is the major complaint，especially with movement.
尤其是在活動時，最為明顯的癥狀就是疼痛。
Compression injuries of the back may or may not be associated with nerve or spinal cord injury.
脊柱受壓可能與神經損傷，或脊髓損傷有關，但也有可能無關。
An X-ray of the back can reveal the bone injury, however, sometimes a CT scan or MRI will be used to insure that no damage is done to the spinal cord.
X光可檢查受損情況，通過CT和核磁檢查，我們可以確定脊髓是否受到損傷。
Treatment includes pain medication and often a back brace.
治療包括止痛藥和背部夾板。
Some compression fractures can also be treated with vertebroplasty.
許多受壓骨折可通過椎體成形術治療。
Vertebroplasty involves inserting a glue-like material into the center of the collapsed spinal vertebra in order to stabilize and strengthen the crushed bone.
它是向坍塌椎體注入骨水泥，從而達到穩定強化的作用。
The glue (methylmethacrylate) is inserted with a needle and syringe through anesthetized skin into the midportion of the vertebra under the guidance of specialized X-ray equipment.
在X光監護下，通過針頭和注射器，從皮膚（麻醉）穿刺到脊椎中部，并注入骨水泥。
Once inserted, the glue soon hardens, forming a cast-like structure within the compressed vertebra.
骨水泥一旦注入，它會迅速硬化，在脊椎受擠壓處形成石膏型結構。
譯文屬可可英語原創，未經允許，不得轉載。
