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Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.
做手術(shù)之前為了確保病人份的安全有許多工作要做。
1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.
第一，要檢測(cè)并記錄生命體征。將任何異常情況告知醫(yī)生。
2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.
第二，所有假體，例如隱形眼鏡、假肢以及假牙都應(yīng)該摘掉。
The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.
麻醉師可能會(huì)希望讓患者戴著假牙，所以護(hù)士必須咨詢麻醉師的建議。
3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.
第三，患者必須除去指甲油并卸妝。這樣會(huì)讓醫(yī)生更容易辨認(rèn)病人是否患有蒼白病。
The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination
蒼白病通常表明患者需要輸氧。還應(yīng)當(dāng)摘掉發(fā)夾等發(fā)飾，以免造成感染。
4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.
第四，經(jīng)過排尿或者導(dǎo)尿清空膀胱。膀胱內(nèi)充滿尿液可能會(huì)在手術(shù)過程中受損。
5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.
第五，術(shù)前患者需使用灌腸劑清空腸道，小手術(shù)除外。這會(huì)避免很多術(shù)后不適癥狀。還可以避免感染。
6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.
第六，鎮(zhèn)靜劑通常在患者進(jìn)入手術(shù)室前30分鐘到一小時(shí)內(nèi)注射。這可以讓麻醉過程進(jìn)行地更容易一些。
After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.
然后應(yīng)該輕聲安慰患者進(jìn)入休眠狀態(tài)。手術(shù)室內(nèi)有時(shí)可以允許患者的一位家屬陪伴。
7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.
第七，患者的病歷表應(yīng)該帶入手術(shù)室，并且表格需要完整。上面必須包括所有的化驗(yàn)和X光檢查報(bào)告以及一份簽名的手術(shù)許可等等。
Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.
過敏原和所需藥物，如胰島素，也應(yīng)在表格中注明。
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