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Maternity care is patient and family centered.
產婦護理以病人及其家人為中心。
It offers choices not only to mothers about their delivery, but also to the father, siblings, and grandparents for they are part of the family.
一些分娩方面的問題不僅僅須與孕婦商定，孩子的父親、兄弟姐妹、以及祖父母都有權參與，因為他們都是家庭的一份子。
The practices and preferences of the care often stem from their cultural background.
他們的文化背景往往影響他們對護理內容及方式的要求。
So we should take it into consideration.
因此我們應當將其考慮在內。
In pregnancy, preventive care should be emphasized, since prenatal care helps to prevent poor pregnancy result.
孕期需重視預防性護理，產前護理能夠防止不良妊娠反應。
Some basic concepts for child bearing are as follows.
關于生育的幾個基礎概念如下：
1. One ovum is fertilized by one sperm, although about 300,000,000 are there in the vagina, and a fertilized ovum, zygote results.
一個卵細胞只能與一個精子結合。盡管陰道內有總共有300,000,000個精卵細胞，最后受精卵只有一個。
Each sperm or ovum has 23 chromosomes.
每個精細胞或卵細胞有23條染色體。
The zygote contains 46 chromosomes, half from the ovum and half from the sperm.
受精卵中有46條染色體，一半來自卵細胞一半來自精細胞。
2. The sex of the child is determined at the time of fertilization by the sperm, depending on whether it carries an X or Y chromosome.
嬰兒的性別在受精那一刻被決定，取決于受精卵是含有X染色體還是Y染色體。
The ovum only has X chromosomes.
卵細胞內只有X染色體。
3. After fertilization, the fertilized egg travels through the fallopian tubes to the uterus.
受精后，受精卵穿過輸卵管到達子宮。
4. Due date Calculation.
預產期的計算。
a. 280 days from LMP, last menstrual period.
a.末次月經后280天。
b. 266 days from the time of ovulation.
b.排卵日后266天。
c. 40 weeks.
c.40周。
d. 9 months.
d.九個月。
5. Pregnancy tests.
驗孕
a. Blood test is to measure human chorionic gonadotropin, which is a hormone secreted by the placenta.
a. 血檢是為了測量人體絨毛膜促性腺激素，人體絨毛膜促性腺激素是胎盤分泌的一種荷爾蒙。
b. It can be positive 2 days after the missed period.
b.在錯過月經期兩周之后應呈陽性。
c. Radioimmunoassay can be positive 8 days after ovulation.
c.排卵日后8天通過放射免疫檢定法檢查呈陽性。
The result can be obtained in one hour.
可以在一小時內拿到結果。
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