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I. A Brief History
一、歷史簡述
Prior to 1865 the intellectual origins of American legal training were predominantly English.
1865年之前，美國法律職業培訓思想根源主要是受英國的影響。
Most American attorneys in the 19th century learned law through the English apprenticeship approach.
在19世紀，大多數美國律師都是通過英國學徒式途徑學習法律的。
William Blackstone (1723-1780) had established a place for student and practitioner use of legal treatises with his four-volume Commentaries on the Laws of England,
威廉.布萊克斯通（1723-1780）為學生和法律從業者專門設立了場所，并以他所著的四卷本《英國法釋義》作為教材，
which was widely used in American editions and emulated in Commentaries on American Law.
該著作在美國的版本得到了廣泛的使用，并為《美國法釋義》所效仿。
The first law schools evolved out of law offices that took in apprentice clerks for a fee.
第一批法律學校是從接收學徒來賺錢的律師事務所演變而來的。
A few attorneys preferred instructing clerks rather than practicing law and gained a reputation for teaching.
比起從事法律實務來說，一些律師則更熱衷于指導學徒，并通過教學來博取名聲。
The Litchfield Law School, which operated from 1784 to 1833 and attracted students from several states,
里奇菲爾德法律學院（從1784到1833年間辦學，期間吸引了來自數個州的學生）
or the 20 other law office-type schools patterned on it, clearly showed their English parentage.
以及其他20多個按照這一模式而成立的法律事務所式的學校都帶有明顯的英國痕跡。
