評論
打印
2. Court System
2. 法院體系
There are 51 separate court systems in the United States of America.
在美國有51個獨立的法院體制：
In addition to the federal court system, each state has a separate system under its own constitution and laws.
1個聯邦法院體制以及50個州依據其憲法和法律建立獨立的法院體制。
Each of the 50 states in the United States has, within its borders, both a state court system and a federal court system.
在50個州中的每個州內，都存在兩種體制：聯邦法院體制和州法院體制。
Federal and state courts e xist virtually side-by-side in every state, and review both civil and criminal cases.
在各州，聯邦法院和州法院同時并存，均負責審理民事案件和刑事案件。
There are large areas where the jurisdiction of federal and state courts overlaps.
事實上在許多領域聯邦法院和州法院的管轄權相互重疊。
The parties may, at their discretion, decide on the court where they initiate a lawsuit.
當事人可以自行確定其提起訴訟的法院。
And there is a choice for the disputes between them as to which of the two systems they should be in.
他們可以選擇他們之間的糾紛適用哪一種法院體制。
2.1 Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts
2.1 聯邦法院的管轄權
Federal courts are not courts of general jurisdiction but rather more limited jurisdiction as prescribed by the US Congress.
聯邦法院不具有一般管轄權，但具有美國國會賦予的特定管轄權。
The United States Constitution established the Supreme Court and vests certain original and appellate jurisdiction in it.
《美國憲法》設立了最高法院并賦予其一定的初審權和上訴審權。
The courts in the federal court system include Supreme Court, courts of appeals, district courts, courts of claims,
聯邦法院體制中有最高法院、上訴法院、地區法院、索賠法院、
courts of customs and patent appeals, customs courts, tax courts and courts of military appeals.
關稅及專利上訴法院、海關法院、稅務法院以及軍事上訴法院。
The Supreme Court is the highest appellate review for either federal courts or state courts.
最高法院對聯邦法院和州法院的案件有最終的上訴復審權。
It also has the original jurisdiction in those cases affecting ambassadors, ministers and consuls and those cases to which a state is a party.
除此之外，它對涉及大使，部長和領事的案件及州作為一方當事人的案件有初審管轄權。
