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1.3 Enactment of Legislative Bodies
1.3 立法機構的立法
This includes the Acts of Congress and statutes of state legislatures.
立法機構的立法包括《國會法》和州立法機構制定的法律。
The legislatures of each of the 50 states may pass and enforce their own laws without exceeding the principles established by the United States Constitution and the United States Congress.
在美國，每一個州的立法機構都可以在《美國憲法》和國會規定的原則范圍內制定自己的法律。
Their results in the fact that the state law in the same fields may be different from one to another.
因此，各州的法律即使在同一領域內也會有所不同。
For instance, the length of time within which one must commence a civil lawsuit or be time-barred, referred to as the statute of limitations,
例如，訴訟時效法規中的關于提起民事訴訟的時限，
can vary dramatically from state to state;
各州也大相徑庭;
and various other matters such as how trade secretes or torts are defined also may vary significantly.
而且許多其他事情，如商業剽竊和侵權，各州的規定也有很大的不同。
1.4 Case Law
1.4 判例法
In a common law country, case law plays a very important part in determining the law that applies to a particular set of facts.
作為普通法國家，判例法在確定某一系列特定事實的法律適用方面起著重要作用。
In application of case law, the weight that case law is given by a particular court in the United States depends significantly upon the court in which the precedent occurred.
在適用判例法時，判例產生地法庭的地位在很大程度上決定著這一判例在特定案件中被適用時的影響力。
For example, when a case is brought in Federal court, decisions of the Supreme Court are obviously the most binding on a particular issue,
例如，當一個案件被起訴到聯邦法院時，最高法院對某一特定爭議的裁決無疑最有約束力，
followed by decisions of the circuit court to which an appeal from a district court lies and finally, prior decisions of the district court itself.
其次是巡回法院審理地區法院上訴案件時做出的裁決，最后才是地區法院自己先前做出的裁決。
In many instances, a district court will look to the law of the appropriate state while rendering a decision in a case where issues of state law are of priority.
在許多情況下，地區法院在就一個案件做出裁決時，如果該案件屬于優先適用州法律的情況，地區法院也會參照相關州的法律。
