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Characteristics of burns
燒傷的特性：
First degree burns
一度燒傷：
dry, red and mildly swollen mildly painful turn white when pressed
干燥、發(fā)紅、微腫 微痛 受壓時變白
Second degree burns
二度燒傷：
rough, red and swollen blisters watery surface extremely painful
粗糙、發(fā)紅、腫脹 起水泡 表層滲液 極其疼痛
Third degree burns
三度燒傷：
black and white and charred
黑、白和焦炭色相間
swollen; often tissue under them can be seen
腫脹，可看到皮下組織
little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area.
若損害了神經(jīng)，則沒有疼痛或輕微疼痛，或者在創(chuàng)面四周有疼感。
First aid treatment
急救處理：
1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
1、除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上，否則都要把它脫掉（必要時可用剪刀幫助）。
Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.
靠近創(chuàng)面的其他衣物和首飾也都要取掉。
2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.
2、馬上用涼水給傷口沖涼，但不能用冰水。
It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.
最好是把燒傷的部位放在慢速流動的自來水下沖洗大約10分鐘。
(The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling. )
（涼水可以阻止燒傷的進程，可以防止無法忍受的疼痛，還可以減輕腫脹程度）。
Do not put cold water on third degree burns.
三度燒傷不可用冷水沖。
3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad.
3、對于一度燒傷的患者，要把清涼干凈的濕布放在燒傷面上，直到疼痛感較輕時為止。
For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water,
對于二度燒傷，要保持濕布清涼，需把濕布放回冷水盆中，
squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.
擰出水后再放在燒傷面上，這樣要反反復復地做一個小時左右，直到不太痛時為止。
4 Dry the burned area gently.
4、輕輕地把燒傷面弄干，
Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.
但不要擦拭，因為這樣做可能會擦破水泡，傷口會感染。
5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin.
5、用干而清潔又不粘皮膚的繃帶蓋住燒傷面，
Hold the bandage in place with tape.
用膠布把繃帶固定。
Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
千萬不要在燒傷處涂黃油、油或軟膏，因為這會使里面的熱散不出去，而且還可能導致感染。
6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.
6、如果燒傷的部位在臂部和腿部，盡可能把手臂或腿腳抬高到高于心臟的位置。
If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.
如果是面部燒傷，傷者則應該坐起來。
7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
7、如果屬于二度或三度燒傷，就必須立即把患者送往醫(yī)院或送去看醫(yī)生。
