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Unit 5 First aid
必修五 第五單元 急救
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First Aid for Burns
燒傷的急救
The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.
皮膚是身體必不可少的部分，也是身體的最大器官。
You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.
皮膚有三層，它們是防病、防毒、抵御太陽有害光線侵害的一道屏障。
The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool;
皮膚的功能十分復雜。皮膚可以保暖或御寒，
it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.
保持體內水分。正是皮膚使你感到冷熱、疼痛，它還使你有觸覺。
So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.
因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮膚燒傷了，就可能非常嚴重。
First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.
在治療燒傷的過程中，緊急處理是非常重要的第一步。
Causes of burns
燒傷的原因：
You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc) , the sun, electricity or chemicals.
你可能由于各種原因而燒傷：灼熱的液體、水蒸氣、火、輻射（由于靠近高溫或大火）、陽光、電和化學物品。
Types of burns: There are three types of burns.
燒傷的種類：燒傷有三類。
Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.
根據皮膚燒傷的層次分為一度燒傷、二度燒傷和三度燒傷。
First degree burns
一度燒傷：
These affect only the top layer of the skin.
只損傷皮層的最上層。
These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.
這些燒傷并不嚴重，應當在一兩天內就有好轉。
Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.
例如輕度的曬傷，由于短暫接觸熱鍋、火爐或熨斗而導致的燙傷。
Second degree burns
二度燒傷：
These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.
既損傷了皮膚的最上層，又損傷了皮質的第二層。
These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal.
這些燒傷屬于嚴重的燒傷，需幾星期才能痊愈。
Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.
例如嚴重的曬傷和灼熱的液體所造成的燒傷。
Third degree burns
三度燒傷：
These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.
所有三層皮質以及皮下的組織和器官都受到損害。
Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.
例如由電擊引起的燒傷，因衣服起火引起的燒傷，或因汽油起火引起的燒傷。
These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.
這些燒傷都屬于非常嚴重的燒傷，受傷者必須立即送往醫院。
