Work therefore is desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredomthat a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days. With this advantage of work another is associated, namely that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come. Provided a man does not have to work so hard as to weaken his vigor, he is likely to find far more zest in his free time than an idle man could possibly find.
因此,工作可取之處首先就在于它能防止無(wú)聊,因?yàn)椋粋€(gè)人在從事雖然乏味但是必要的工作時(shí)所感到的厭倦,與他終日無(wú)所事事而感到的無(wú)聊相比,就算不得什么了。與工作的這一好處相聯(lián)系的另一個(gè)好處是,工作使得節(jié)假日過(guò)起來(lái)更加滋味無(wú)窮。只要一個(gè)人不必工作得體竭力衰,他在空閑時(shí)間玩起來(lái)就會(huì)興致勃勃,遠(yuǎn)非空閑的人可比。
The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition. In most work success is measured by income,and while our capitalistic society continues, this is inevitable. It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply. The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can obtain. However dull work may be,it becomes bearable if it isa means of building up reputation, whether in the world at large or only in one's own circle. Continuity of purpose is one of the most essential ingredients of happiness in the longrun, and for most men this comes chiefly through their work. In this respect those women whose lives are occupied with housework are much less fortunate than men, or than women who work outside the home. The domesticated wife does not receive wages, has no means of bettering herself, is taken for granted by her husband (who sees practically nothing of what she does), and is valued by him not for her housework but for quite other qualities. Of coursethis does not apply to those women who are sufficiently well-to-do to make beautiful houses and beautiful gardens and become the envy of their neighbors; but such women are comparatively few, and for the great majority housework cannot bring as much satisfaction as work of other kinds brings to men and to professional women.
大多數(shù)有報(bào)酬的工作以及某些沒(méi)有報(bào)酬的工作的第二個(gè)好處是,工作帶來(lái)成功和施展抱負(fù)的機(jī)會(huì)。大多數(shù)工作是以報(bào)酬來(lái)衡量成功的,只要我們的資本主義社會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去,這是不可避免的。只有在衡量最佳工作時(shí),這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才不再是自然適用的。人們想增加收入的欲望同人們追求成功和高收入帶來(lái)額外享受的欲望是一樣的。無(wú)論所從事的工作多么單調(diào)乏味,只要它有助于自己在社會(huì)上,或僅僅在個(gè)人的小圈子里樹立聲譽(yù),那也是可以忍受的。目標(biāo)的連續(xù)性是最終獲得幸福的最重要的因素之一,對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō),這主要來(lái)自他們的工作。就這點(diǎn)而言,那些整天忙于家務(wù)的婦女遠(yuǎn)不及男人或外出工作的婦女幸運(yùn)。操持家務(wù)的太太領(lǐng)不到工資,無(wú)法自我提高,在丈夫看來(lái),做妻子的就應(yīng)該是這樣(他對(duì)她所做的一切根本熟視無(wú)睹),他不是以她的家務(wù)工作,而是以別的素質(zhì)來(lái)評(píng)估她。當(dāng)然這不適用于那些家境相當(dāng)富裕的婦女,她們將房子裝點(diǎn)得漂漂亮亮,將花園點(diǎn)綴得美麗非凡,她們是左鄰右舍羨慕的對(duì)象,但這樣的婦女相比之下比較少。對(duì)大多數(shù)人而言,家務(wù)活不能像其他工作能給男人和職業(yè)婦女那樣帶來(lái)那么多的滿足。
來(lái)源:可可英語(yǔ) http://www.ccdyzl.cn/daxue/201612/463336.shtml