評論
打印
Recording One
錄音一
Okay. So let's get started.
好的，我們開始吧。
And to start things off I think what we need to do is consider a definition.
開始我們需要做的是思考一個定義。
I'm going to define what love is but then most of the experiments I'm going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love.
我要定義什么是愛，但是我將要討論的大多數(shù)實驗真的更多地專注于吸引力而不是愛。
And I'm going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly thirty years.
而我將從前同事羅伯特·斯登伯格那里選出一個定義，羅伯特·斯特伯格現(xiàn)在是塔夫茨大學(xué)的院長，擔(dān)任耶魯大學(xué)教職員工近三十年。
And he has a theory of love that argues that it's made up of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment, or what is sometimes called decision commitment.
他有一個愛的理論，認為它由三個部分組成：親密，激情和承諾，或有時被稱為決策承諾。
And these are relatively straightforward.
這些都比較簡單。
He argued that you don't have love if you don't have all three of these elements.
他認為，如果你這三個元素都沒有的話，你就沒有愛。
Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding.
親密是親密的感覺，與某人的聯(lián)系，羈絆的感覺。
Operationally, you could think of intimacy as you share secrets, you share information with this person that you don't share with anybody else.
在操作上，你可以在分享秘密時考慮親密關(guān)系，你與這個人分享不會與其他人分享的信息。
Okay. That's really what intimacy is, the bond that comes from sharing information that isn't shared with other people.
好的。這才是真正的親密，紐帶來源于分享不與別人分享的信息。
The second element is passion.
第二個元素是激情。
Passion is the drive that leads to romance.
激情是浪漫的驅(qū)動力。
You can think of it as physical attraction.
你可以把它看作身體吸引力。
And Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship.
而斯特伯格認為，這是愛情的必要組成部分。
The third element of love in Sternberg's theory is what he calls decision commitment, the decision that one is in a love relationship, the willingness to label it as such, and a commitment to maintain that relationship at least for some period of time.
斯特伯格理論中愛的第三個要素就是他所謂的決策承諾，是身處愛情的決定，這個決定的意愿，以及至少在一段時間內(nèi)保持這種關(guān)系的承諾。
Sternberg would argue it's not love if you don't call it love and if you don't have some desire to maintain the relationship.
斯登伯格認為，如果你不稱之為愛，不愿意維持關(guān)系，那就不是愛。
So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg's theory you have love.
所以，如果你有這三個，親密，激情和承諾，在斯登伯格的理論你有愛。
Now what's interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three.
現(xiàn)在，理論有趣的地方在于如果你只有三個其中的一個或是兩個的話你擁有什么。
What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three?
你擁有什么并且如果你有三個中的兩個會有什么區(qū)別呢？
What's interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look them carefully.
這種理論有趣的是，它會產(chǎn)生許多不同的組合，當(dāng)你將其拆開開始仔細查看時，可能會非常有趣。
So what I've done is I've taken Sternberg's three elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and I've listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.
所以我采取了斯登伯格的愛的三個要素，親密，激情和承諾，我已經(jīng)列出了你會有的不同種類的關(guān)系——三要素中的0個，1個，2個或者3個。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
問題16到18基于你剛剛聽到的錄音。
Question 16. What does the speaker say about most of the experiments mentioned in his talk?
問題16.演講者對講話中提到的大多數(shù)實驗有什么看法？
Question 17. What does Robert Sternberg argue about love?
問題17.羅伯特·斯特伯格對愛有什么看法？
Question 18. What question does the speaker think is interesting about Sternberg's three elements of love?
問題18.演講者認為對斯登伯格三大要素的什么問題有趣？
