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Vitamin D is an essential vitamin required by the body for the absorption of calcium, bone development, immune functioning and alleviation of inflammation. Vitamin D comes from the sun and from some foods like nuts, lentils and fatty fish. Researchers have found that low levels of vitamin D could be related to dementia and Alzheimer's disease, one of the most common forms of dementia. Alzheimer's disease can be exhausting for caregivers and frightening to those who have it. People with Alzheimer's disease said "The worst thing that I found was I was getting lost in the car, not just forgetting where I was going, I wouldn't know where I was.”
維生素D是人體所必需的一種維生素，有利于鈣質吸收、骨骼生長、免疫功能以及減輕炎癥。維生素D來源于太陽和一些食物，比如堅果、扁豆和多脂魚。研究人員發現維生素D含量過低可能與癡呆和阿茲海默病有關，阿茲海默病是癡呆最常見的形式之一。阿茲海默病會讓看護人員精疲力盡，讓患者驚恐不已。阿茲海默病患者說“我發現最糟糕的情況是我在車里迷路了，不僅是忘記我要去哪里，我連自己在哪兒都不知道。”
The World Health Organization estimates that more than 47 million people suffer from dementia, with about 60 percent of them in low and middle income countries, countries with the least ability to cope.
世界衛生組織預計，有4700多萬人患有癡呆癥，其中大約 60%來自中低收人國家，這些國家解決此問題的能力最差。
U.S. researchers studied older adults and measured both their vitamin D levels and their cognitive ability, that is, the ability to remember things and to process thoughts.
美國研究人員研究了老年人，并測量了他們的維生素D含量和認知能力，即記憶能力和思維處理能力。
Some of the subjects had outright dementia, some had mild cognitive impairment and some had what we would call normal cognitive functioning. The researchers found that about 60 percent of the group was low in vitamin D. Those who had dementia also had lower vitamin D status than those who had mild cognitive impairment or who had normal cognitive functioning.
有些老年人處于完全癡呆狀態，有些有輕度認知功能障礙，而有些人有我們所認為的正常認知功能。研究人員發現其中60%的人群維生素D含量都過低。癡呆患者的維生素D含量比那些有輕度認知功能障礙和有正常認知功能的人的含量要低。
Those low in vitamin D showed more short-term memory loss, as well as less ability to organize thoughts and make decisions. They were declining about two-and-a-half times faster than those who had adequate vitamin D.
維生素D含量低的人表現出短期記憶力缺失以及在整理思緒和做決策等方面能力的不足。他們的衰退速度比維生素D水平足量的人快2.5倍。
While this study shows that vitamin D seems to play a role in slowing the onset of dementia, more studies are needed to see if vitamin D supplements can help slow this decline.
雖然這項研究表明維生素D對減緩癡呆發作有重要作用，但是需要做更多研究來明確補充維生素D是否有助于延緩衰退。
Question 19. What can we know about Vitamin D according to the lecture?
問題19 根據這篇演講，我們可以知道關于維生素D的哪些？
Question 20. What do we know about dementia according to the lecture?
問題20 根據這篇演講，我們對癡呆了解哪些？
Question 21. What do the studies by U.S. researchers suggest?
問題21 美國研究人員的研究表明了什么？
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