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It is logical to suppose that things like good labour relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits, and job security motivate workers.
正常來說，人們可能會認為好的雇傭關系、工作環境、薪資福利以及高穩定性是一份工作對員工的激勵因素。
But one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely "satisfiers".
但是一位專家，弗雷德里克·赫茨伯格反駁道，以上這些都不是激勵因素，只能算是“提高滿意度的因素”。
"Motivators", in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility.
而激勵因素包括工作的挑戰性、趣味性、領導認可和工作責任感等。
However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there are always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs, and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.
然而，雖然計算機技術和機器人領域已經有了很大的發展，但是還是有很多枯燥、重復、機械的工作等待一些沒有一技之長的人們去做。
So how do managers motivate people in such jobs?
那么，公司領導要怎樣激勵這些崗位上的員工呢？
One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals but as part of a team.
一個方法就是讓他們承擔責任，不是以個人的身份，而是以團隊成員的身份承擔責任。
For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team,
比如，一些超市將辦公室職員、貨架職員和收銀員安排在一組，
and let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them, and so on.
然后在進貨時讓他們來決定購進那些產品，和敲定產品的展銷方案等等。
Many people now talk about the importance of a company's shared values or culture, with which all the staff can identify：
現在很多人在討論公司建立大家都認同的文化和價值觀的重要性：
for example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field.
比如，成為頂級的連鎖旅館，或生產某一領域最好、最貼心可靠的產品。
Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets, which ultimately only concern a few people.
這種價值觀比財務目標更能起到激勵作用，因為財務目標的受益者只是少數人。
Unfortunately, there is only a limited number of such goals to go round, and by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously claim to be the best.
但不幸的是能起到這樣激勵作用的目標不多。另外，說到最好，不可能一個行業里所有的公司都適合立志成為最好。
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
請根據剛聽到的短文回答22-25題。
Question 22. What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?
問題22：弗雷德里克·赫茨伯格認為什么能夠真正起到激勵員工的作用？
Question 23. What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?
問題23：關于計算機時代的工作短文中說了什么？
Question 24. What do some supermarkets do to motivate their employees?
問題24：一些超市是如何激勵員工的？
Question 25. Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?
問題25：短文中為什么說財務目標不太可能對員工起到激勵作用？
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