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Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon and have identified three different types of loneliness.
大部分人都會在某個時刻感覺孤獨，這種感覺通常只持續幾分鐘或幾個小時的時間。但是有些人的孤獨感可能會持續數年的時間。心理學家對這種復雜的現象進行了研究，發現孤獨感有三種類型。
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation, for example, a divorce or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, it usually does not last for more than a year. Unlike the second type, the third kind of loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many of them think there is little or nothing they can do about it.
第一種類型的孤獨感是暫時的。這種孤獨感通常很快就會消失，而且不需要特別注意。第二種是情景性孤獨感，這是一種特定情境產生的自然結果，比如離婚或搬家等情境。雖然這種孤獨感可能引發身體上的問題，不過這一孤獨感的持續時間不會超過一年。與第二種孤獨感不同，第三種孤獨感通常會持續兩年以上，而且沒有具體原因。經歷習慣性孤獨感的人有社交問題，很難接近他人。不幸的是，這類人通常認為他們對此沒有什么解決辦法。
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, for example, friends, family members, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that the number of social contacts we have is not the only reason for loneliness. It is more important how many social contacts we think or expect we should have. In other words, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.
心理學家認為，造成孤獨感的其中一個重要因素是一個人的社會交往，比如和朋友或家人的交往。由于各種原因，我們依賴很多人。舉個例子，我們的家人給我們情感支持，我們的朋友和我們有共同的興趣，和我們一起進行各種活動。但是，心理學家發現，社會交往的數量不是造成孤獨感的唯一原因。更重要的是，我們希望自己進行社會交往的數量是多少。換句話說，孤獨的人可能有很多社會交往，可是他們感覺他們應該有更多的社會交往。他們質疑自己的人氣。
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
問題20到問題22依據你剛剛聽到的短文進行提問。
Questions 23. What does the speaker say about situational loneliness?
問題23. 說話者介紹了情景性孤獨感的什么情況？
Questions 24. What problem will people have if they experience habitual loneliness?
問題24. 如果人們經歷了習慣性孤獨感，會有什么問題？
Questions 25. Why do some people suffer loneliness according to psychologists?
問題25. 心理學家認為什么人們會經歷孤獨感？
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