評論
打印
Passage Two
段落二
There are between 3000 and 6000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one.
世界上有3000至6000種公共語言，既然我們每個人都要有一種，所以我們還要增加近6億的私人語言。
Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number.
考慮到這些因素，交流非常有可能出現問題。
However, we do communicate successfully from time to time. And we do learn to speak languages.
然而我們時常可以成功的交流，也學會了更多的語言。
But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process.
但是學習語言看起來是一種很神秘的過程。
For a long time, people thought that we learned a language only by imitation and association.
很長一段時間，人們通過關聯模仿學習語言。
For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry.
例如，嬰兒摸到了滾燙的鍋后就會開始哭。
The mother says, “Hot, hot!” And the baby, when it stops crying, imitates the mother and says, “Hot, hot!”
媽媽會說：“燙，燙”。當嬰兒停止哭泣時就會模仿的說：“燙，燙”。
However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, pointed out that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative.
但是，著名語言學家諾姆·喬姆斯基指出許多孩子學習文字時通過關聯模仿，但是他們也運用獨特、自然又有創意的方式把單詞組合成有意義的句子。
Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language.
因為小孩子們可以使他們從來沒有聽說過的句子。喬姆斯基認為嬰兒學習語言的能力是天生的。
Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world.
喬姆斯基認為在公共語言與私人語言的差異之下，有一種世界性語言機制能讓我們像嬰兒一樣學習世界上的各種語言。
This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language. But it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.
這一理論解釋了嬰兒學習語言的潛力。但它并沒有真正解釋孩子如何以特別的方式來使用語言的。
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
基于你聽到的回答問題30至32。
Question 30. Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns?
問題30. 為什么作者說交流非常有可能出現問題。
Question 31. What is Chomsky's point on the ability to learn a language?
問題31. 喬姆斯基指出學習語言的觀點是什么？
Question 32. What does Chomsky's theory fail to explain according to the speaker?
問題32. 根據作者所說，喬姆斯基的理論無法解釋什么？
