評論
打印
記敘文是以敘述人物的經歷和事物的發展變化過程為主要表現形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫人為主，又可以以寫事為主。寫記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：
時間（When）—— 何時發生，有沒有具體時間？
地點（Where）—— 何地發生，有沒有地點變化？
人物（Who）—— 何人參與，誰是主角？
事件（What）—— 發生了什么，有何特點？
原因（Why）—— 事件的起因？
結果（How）—— 事件的經過及結局？
一般說來，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。
記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開。
[示例1]英語四級考試中，只出現過一次專門的記敘文體裁的寫作，即“An Early Morning Walk”（1988.6.），2003年6月出現過包含記敘文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。
對于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開始構思了。
When：題目已規定了是“清晨”，在這個時候，“我”去散步。
Where：到哪兒散步？去公園？在校園里？在街上（街上空氣不好，還是不去！）。
Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子；在校園里看到讀書背單詞的學生。
What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂跳舞，打球，等等。
Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉；一日之際在于晨，背背書，讀讀單詞。
當然，由這個題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。
[參考范文]
An Early Morning Walk
One morning I got up very early, and everything around was very quiet. The sun had just risen, shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward the park, breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.
When I arrived at the park, I found, to my surprise, that there were so many people there. Men and women, boys and girls, all were enjoying themselves in their various activities. Some were doing morning exercises, some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.
I wandered around the park. To my delight, I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I went up and spoke to them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English. On the way home, I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.
[點評]文章按照時間順序（in chronological order），第一句話點明時間(One morning)、人物(第一人稱“I”)，并簡要描述了早晨的特點（What was the setting），接著第二段第一句話交代地點（in the park），然后介紹公園里人們及作者的活動（What was happening），最后在文章結尾點題，即，歸納中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 僅僅189個單詞既滿足了記敘文的“六大要素”，又有明確的中心思想和生動的細節，行文方式符合要求。
