評(píng)論
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International negotiators are meeting in Canada's capital to discuss writing a treaty to control plastic and pollution linked to it.
國(guó)際談判代表正在加拿大首都開(kāi)會(huì)，討論起草一項(xiàng)控制塑料和與之相關(guān)的污染的條約。
The meeting in Ottawa is part of the United Nations Environmental Programme and is to last until April 29.
在渥太華舉行的會(huì)議是聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署的一部分，將持續(xù)到4月29日。
Supporters say the agreement would be the biggest related to carbon gas creation and environmental protection since the 2015 Paris Agreement.
支持者表示，該協(xié)議將是自2015年《巴黎協(xié)議》以來(lái)與碳排放和環(huán)境保護(hù)相關(guān)的最大協(xié)議。
In that agreement, about 195 parties agreed to keep average world temperatures from rising more than 1.5 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial times.
在該協(xié)議中，約195個(gè)締約方同意控制全球平均氣溫與工業(yè)化前相比上升不超過(guò)1.5攝氏度。
But delegates to the negotiations on plastics are divided over what the treaty should include.
但是參加塑料談判的代表們?cè)跅l約應(yīng)該包括什么內(nèi)容上存在分歧。
At the U.N Environmental Assembly in 2022, nations agreed to develop an agreement with the force of law, or a treaty, on plastics.
在2022年的聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境大會(huì)上，各國(guó)同意制定一項(xiàng)關(guān)于塑料的具有法律效力的協(xié)議或條約。
The goal was to have a treaty by the end of 2024.
目標(biāo)是在2024年底之前達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。
Negotiators aim to make rules about plastics throughout the life of plastic products.
談判者的目標(biāo)是在塑料產(chǎn)品的整個(gè)生命周期內(nèi)制定關(guān)于塑料的規(guī)則。
That includes when they are produced, how they are used, and how they are thrown away.
這包括它們何時(shí)生產(chǎn)，如何使用，以及如何丟棄。
Plastic waste has become a world problem on land and in the sea.
在陸地和海洋上，塑料垃圾已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)世界性的問(wèn)題。
Supporters of a treaty also say producing plastics involves releasing greenhouse gases.
條約的支持者還表示，生產(chǎn)塑料涉及溫室氣體排放。
The U.S. federal Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California recently released a report on plastic pollution.
位于加利福尼亞州的美國(guó)聯(lián)邦勞倫斯伯克利國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室最近發(fā)布了一份關(guān)于塑料污染的報(bào)告。
The report said the plastics industry now produces five percent of the world's carbon gases.
報(bào)告說(shuō)，塑料工業(yè)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的碳?xì)怏w占世界總量的5%。
But the U.S. government laboratory said that the industry's share of carbon gases could grow a lot if its current growth models behave as expected.
但美國(guó)政府實(shí)驗(yàn)室表示，如果目前的增長(zhǎng)模式符合預(yù)期，該行業(yè)的碳排放份額可能會(huì)大幅增長(zhǎng)。
Reuters news service says plastic production is estimated to triple by 2060 without production limits.
路透社說(shuō)，在沒(méi)有限產(chǎn)的情況下，到2060年塑料產(chǎn)量預(yù)計(jì)將增加兩倍。
Most new chemicals for plastics are made from petroleum.
大多數(shù)塑料的新化學(xué)品都是從石油中提煉出來(lái)的。
This week's talks are set to be the biggest yet and include 3,500 people registered to attend including lobbyists, business leaders, scientists and environmental nonprofit groups.
本周的會(huì)談將是迄今為止規(guī)模最大的一次，有3500人登記參加，其中包括游說(shuō)者、商界領(lǐng)袖、科學(xué)家和環(huán)保非營(yíng)利組織。
But countries are divided on the issues after three earlier rounds of talks.
但在前三輪會(huì)談后，各國(guó)在這些問(wèn)題上存在分歧。
They were held in Punta del Este, Uruguay; Paris; and most recently in Nairobi, Kenya.
三輪會(huì)談分別在烏拉圭的埃斯特角、巴黎以及最近在肯尼亞的內(nèi)羅畢舉行。
At the talks in Nairobi in November, the proposed treaty expanded from 30 to 70 pages.
在11月于內(nèi)羅畢舉行的會(huì)談中，擬議的條約從30頁(yè)擴(kuò)大到70頁(yè)。
Some countries objected to measures like production limits and requiring a halt to production of some products.
一些國(guó)家反對(duì)限產(chǎn)并且要求某些產(chǎn)品停產(chǎn)等措施。
Countries hope to find common ground before final negotiations are held in December in Busan, South Korea.
各國(guó)希望在12月在韓國(guó)釜山舉行最終談判之前找到共同點(diǎn)。
Many countries that produce plastics and countries that produce chemicals for plastics opposed production limits.
許多生產(chǎn)塑料的國(guó)家和生產(chǎn)塑料化學(xué)品的國(guó)家反對(duì)限產(chǎn)。
Those countries include Saudi Arabia, Iran, and China.
這些國(guó)家包括沙特阿拉伯、伊朗和中國(guó)。
They are collectively known as the group of "Like-Minded Countries.
它們統(tǒng)稱為“志同道合的國(guó)家”集團(tuán)。
They have blocked other countries from calling for production limits, chemical disclosures, or reduction timelines after last year's meeting in Nairobi.
在去年的內(nèi)羅畢會(huì)議之后，他們阻止了其他國(guó)家呼吁限制生產(chǎn)、披露化學(xué)物質(zhì)或制定減排時(shí)間表。
A group of 60 nations wants to end plastic pollution by 2040.
一個(gè)由60個(gè)國(guó)家組成的集團(tuán)希望在2040年之前結(jié)束塑料污染。
They are called the "High-Ambition Coalition.
他們被稱為“雄心壯志聯(lián)盟”。
" The group includes European Union countries, island nations, Japan, and the United Arab Emirates.
該組織包括歐盟國(guó)家、島國(guó)、日本和阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長(zhǎng)國(guó)。
Some environmental groups support the "High-Ambition Coalition.
一些環(huán)保組織支持“遠(yuǎn)大抱負(fù)聯(lián)盟”。
" It has called for agreements to limit and reduce the production and use of plastics to "sustainable" levels.
該組織呼吁達(dá)成協(xié)議，限制和減少塑料的生產(chǎn)和使用，使其達(dá)到“可持續(xù)”的水平。
It also is proposing measures to end the use of "problematic" single-use plastics over time and to ban some chemicals that might carry health risks.
它還提出了一些措施，隨著時(shí)間的推移，停止使用“有問(wèn)題的”一次性塑料，并禁止一些可能帶來(lái)健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)品。
The United States says it also wants to end plastic pollution by 2040.
美國(guó)表示，該聯(lián)盟還希望在2040年之前結(jié)束塑料污染。
But unlike the "High-Ambition Coalition," it wants countries to set their own plans.
但與“雄心壯志聯(lián)盟”不同的是，“遠(yuǎn)大抱負(fù)聯(lián)盟”希望各國(guó)制定自己的計(jì)劃。
In addition, the U.S. wants countries to regularly inform the U.N.of their plans
此外，美國(guó)希望各國(guó)定期通知聯(lián)合國(guó)他們的計(jì)劃。
The trade group Global Partners for Plastics Circularity represents major producers of chemicals used in plastics.
行業(yè)組織全球塑料循環(huán)伙伴代表了塑料所用化學(xué)品的主要生產(chǎn)商。
It includes members of the American Chemical Council and Plastics Europe.
其中包括美國(guó)化學(xué)理事會(huì)和歐洲塑料協(xié)會(huì)的成員。
The group argues that production limits would lead to higher prices for buyers.
該組織辯稱，限產(chǎn)將導(dǎo)致買(mǎi)家的價(jià)格更高。
It says that the treaty should deal with plastics only after they are made.
表示，該條約只應(yīng)在塑料制造后才處理它們。
The chemical companies support the reuse or recycling of plastics.
化工公司支持塑料的再利用或回收。
They support developing the market for burning plastics for fuel.
他們支持發(fā)展燃燒塑料作為燃料的市場(chǎng)。
Additionally, the group said companies should be permitted to release information about chemical processes voluntarily.
此外，該組織表示，應(yīng)該允許公司自愿發(fā)布有關(guān)化學(xué)過(guò)程的信息。
However, a Reuters investigation in July of 2021 said that many attempts by big oil companies to recycle plastics were not successful.
然而，路透社在2021年7月進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，大型石油公司回收塑料的許多嘗試都沒(méi)有成功。
More than 200 companies including PepsiCo and Walmart have joined a group called the Business Coalition for a Plastics Treaty.
包括百事可樂(lè)和沃爾瑪在內(nèi)的200多家公司加入了一個(gè)名為塑料條約商業(yè)聯(lián)盟的組織。
Like the petrochemical industry, these companies depend on plastic containers for their products.
與石化行業(yè)一樣，這些公司的產(chǎn)品也依賴塑料容器。
They have been involved in the negotiations.
他們已經(jīng)參與了談判。
In a statement, the coalition said it supports a treaty that includes production limits and uses "restrictions and phase-outs.
在一份聲明中，該聯(lián)盟表示，它支持一項(xiàng)包括限產(chǎn)和使用“限制和逐步淘汰”的條約。
" Additionally, the group said it supported reuse policies, product design requirements, increased producer responsibility and policies for dealing with waste.
此外，該組織表示，其支持再利用政策、產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)要求、增加生產(chǎn)者的責(zé)任以及處理廢物的政策。
I'm Jill Robbins.
我是吉爾·羅賓斯。
And I'm Andrew Smith.
我是安德魯·史密斯。
