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If we're all seeing the dress under normal lighting together here, there is zero ambiguity.
如果我們在正常的燈光下一起看裙子，就不會有任何歧義。
The ambiguity comes from the image and that specific image of the dress.
歧義源自照片，而且是那張裙子的照片。
So it's something about the photograph.
所以這和照片有關。
There's information missing in the image … in the image of the dress, the lighting is ambiguous.
圖像中缺少了一些信息……在裙子的照片中，光線是模糊的。
Yes, it could be indoor lighting; it could be outdoor lighting.
是的，它可能是室內光線；也可能是室外光線。
I talked to the person who took the picture, and it turns out that it is indoors, but it is so overexposed with a Samsung cell phone camera, it's hard to tell.
我跟拍這張照片的人聊了聊，發現這張照片是在室內拍攝的，但三星手機相機曝光過度，導致它很難分辨。
That's really interesting because I don't remember the image seeming ambiguous at all.
這真的很有趣，因為在我看來那張照片一點也不模糊。
We know from a long history of research on people and their cognition that if there is uncertainty, they don't just say, "Oh, no, I have this uncertainty, and now I can't act."
我們從對人類及其認知的長期研究中知道，如果存在不確定性，人們不會說，“哦，不，我覺得這個不確定，現在我不能采取行動。”
Your brain, your mind, however you want to call that, fills in this uncertainty, but in a smart way.
你的大腦，你的思想，不管你怎么稱呼它，會以一種聰明的方式去填補這種不確定性。
It's like autocorrect is, like, smart guessing.
就像自動更正，就像智能猜測。
So how does your brain make its smart guess?
那么，你的大腦是如何做出智能猜測的呢?
Let's try this right now. Imagine you're at a staff meeting at Scientific American, and you are facing the whiteboard, not the door, and somebody was late.
我們現在就試一下。想象一下，你在參加《科學美國人》的員工會議，你面對的是白板，而不是門，有人遲到了。
And in your experience, because you've done it before, Bob is always late.
在你的經驗中，因為你以前就這么做過，鮑勃總是遲到。
You don't know who it was because you weren't looking at the door, but who do you think it was, not having seen the door?
你不知道是誰，因為你沒有看門，但在沒看門的情況下，你覺得是誰遲到了?
Bob! Why--because (it's) always Bob? Yes, exactly.
鮑勃!為什么——因為鮑勃總是遲到嗎?是的，沒錯。
But the difference is that in the staff meeting, I'm consciously making a guess.
但不同的是，在員工會議上，我是有意識地猜測。
With the dress, I never knew there was any uncertainty to begin with.
關于這條裙子，我從一開始就不知道會有什么不確定性。
My brain made its guess on the fly, before I could possibly know what had happened.
在我還不知道發生了什么事之前，我的大腦就匆忙地做出了猜測。
Your brain is doing this for you unconsciously.
你的大腦在無意識地做這件事。
So it's smoothing over the uncertainties by making assumptions about what I'm seeing that are based on my previous experiences.
所以，它會基于我以前的經驗來做假設，從而消除不確定性。
Yes, exactly.
是的，沒錯。
And you're saying that if, say, it's near sunset, and the light is getting dim.
你是說，比如說，快到日落的時候，光線越來越暗。
And then, I see a fire engine come down the road. Probably I'm going to assume that it's red.
然后，我看到一輛消防車開過馬路。我很有可能會假設它是紅色的。
Correct. That's called the true-color effect.... Your brain is constantly color correcting....
沒錯。這被稱為真彩效應....你的大腦會不斷地調整顏色....
As the day progresses, the mix of wavelengths that reaches you from the atmosphere, they shift from, like, bluish during the day (to), in dusk, more reddish.
隨著時間的推移，從大氣中抵達的混合波長，它們會從白天的藍色變成黃昏時的紅色。
So as these shift, your brain has to take that into account.
所以當這些變化發生時，你的大腦必須把它考慮進去。
Okay, so my brain is like a fancy camera. It adjusts the color balance to make the colors look right in the image I'm seeing.
好吧，那我的大腦就像一臺高級相機。它會調整色彩平衡，讓我看到正確的圖像顏色。
It makes sure the fire truck appears red to me in the morning light and also some shade of red in the evening light.
它會確保消防車在早晨的光線下看起來是紅色的，在晚上的光線下也有一些紅色的陰影。
People are really good at that. But that presumes that you know what lighting is....
人們真的很擅長這么做。但前提是你得知道什么是光線....
In the dress image, we don't know what the lighting was--could it have been artificial lighting indoors or sunlight.
在裙子的照片中，我們不知道光線是什么——可能是室內人造光，也可能是陽光。
Pascal had a hypothesis: what determined whether you saw the dress as white and gold or blue and black was based on what assumptions your brain unconsciously made about what you were seeing.
帕斯卡有一個假設：決定你看到的裙子是白金相間的還是藍色和黑色的，是基于你的大腦無意識地對你所看到的東西做出的假設。
If it assumed that the photograph was taken in bright outdoor light and the dress was in shadow, your brain color corrected to account for that, and the dress looked white.
如果它假設照片是在明亮的戶外光線下拍攝的，而裙子在陰影中，你的大腦就會根據這一點進行顏色校正，所以裙子看起來是白色的。
If, on the other hand, if you assumed the photo was indoors under artificial light, there wasn't the same shadow to correct for. And therefore you saw it as blue.
相反，如果你假設照片是在室內的人造光下拍攝的，那么就不需要去校正陰影。所以你看到它是藍色的。
The reason for that is shadows are bluish black if you look at them under (a) photometer.
這樣做的原因是，如果你在光度計下觀察，陰影是藍黑色的。
So if you mentally subtract (the) effect of a shadow, it will then look yellowish and whitish.
因此，如果你在心里去掉了陰影的效果，那么它看起來就會變黃變白。
The tricky thing about this is that we were all making these assumptions subconsciously, which meant that he couldn't just ask us.
這個問題的棘手之處在于，我們都在潛意識里做出這些假設，他不能直接問我們。
Instead he had to come up with a proxy. Some other way of getting at what assumptions your brain had made when you first saw the image.
相反，他必須找一個代理人。這是另一種方法，當你第一次看到圖像時，你的大腦做出了什么假設。
I knew that people have a chronotype, meaning that some people like to get up in the morning and just rise to the sun, and other people, basically they're like night owls.
我知道每個人都有自己的生物鐘，也就是說有些人喜歡在早上起床，也就是太陽升起的時候起床，而另一些人則基本上是夜貓子。
They are staying up late. And this is a genetically set kind of thing.
他們會熬夜。這是由基因決定的。
Okay, this gets a little complicated, so I'm going to pause a moment here to explain.
好吧，這有點復雜，所以我要暫停解釋一下。
Pascal guessed that just like we'd assumed that Bob was late to the meeting, our brains would default to the assumption that the light we were seeing in the photograph was the same kind of light we were most accustomed to seeing.
帕斯卡猜測，就像我們假設開會遲到的是鮑勃一樣，我們的大腦會自動假設我們在照片中看到的光就是我們最習慣的那種光。
He surmised that over their lifetime, early birds get more short-wavelength blueish natural sunlight.
他推測，一生中，早起的人們接觸到了更多短波長的藍色自然陽光。
On the other hand, people who stay up late get more long-wavelength artificial light.
相反，熬夜的人會接觸到更多的長波長人造光。
In other words, he used chronotypes as proxies for what assumptions our brain was subconsciously making about the ambiguity of the lighting.
換句話說，他用生物鐘來代表我們的大腦在潛意識中對光線的模糊性做出的假設。
Larks should be more likely to see the dress as white. They're going to fall back on the assumption that it's the brighter outdoor light.
早起型的人更有可能看到白色的裙子。他們會認為這是在更亮的室外光線下拍攝出來的。
They see a lot of that kind of light. So they'll correct for the shadow effect so that it appears white.
他們看多很多那種光。所以他們會糾正陰影效果，讓它看起來是白色的。
