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A massive, massive effect: we would all be distracted all the time.
影響顯著: 我們所有人都會一直被干擾。
And a very, very tiny effect: it would be meaningless.
影響微小: 那就是不相關。
And this is somewhere in between.
而這項研究結果介于這兩者之間。
But it is a smaller effect than the earlier research has shown.
這種影響比先前研究表明的要小。
Parry’s meta-analysis is a preprint, which means that it hasn’t been peer-reviewed yet.
帕里的元分析論文只是預印本，這意味著論文還沒有經過同行評審。
When I talked to Ward about that paper’s findings, he said he was glad there’s now been enough work on brain drain to look at evidence combined together,
當我和沃德談論那篇論文的研究結論時，他表示，他很高興現在有關認知流失的研究很充足，可以把證據結合在一起看,
and that, overall, Parry’s work reinforces the notion that phones are interfering with our working memory over other cognitive functions such as sustained attention—or what you’re paying attention to consciously.
總的來說，帕里的研究加強了這樣一個概念，即，手機正在干擾我們的工作記憶，而非其他認知功能，比如持續性注意力--有意識地關注某物。
When you’re doing great at sustained attention, you know, you’re thinking you’re doing awesome because you’re not looking at your phone.
當你在持續性注意力上表現很好時，你在想你做得很好，因為你沒有看手機。
It’s on the desk in front of you, but you’re not paying attention to it, right?
手機放在身前的桌子上，但你沒有在關注它，對嗎?
And so that’s showing us no difference in sustained attention.
這表明在持續性注意力方面不存在差異。
But that process of not paying attention to it is using some of your working memory capacity.
但這個沒有注意的過程使用了部分工作記憶能力。
So that shows up as that significant, significant negative effect on working memory capacity.
這就顯示出手機對工作記憶能力的顯著負面影響。
Parry thinks that his findings actually raise more questions for further study, such as whether there’s something about the individuals in the past studies that led to a stronger brain drain effect for certain cognitive effects.
帕里認為，他的研究結論實際上為進一步的研究提出了更多的問題，例如，在過去的研究中，是否有一些個體差異導致了更強的認知流失，造成某些認知影響。
For instance, for some people, their phones might be more important to them.
例如，對一些人來說，他們的手機可能更重要。
If you’re very involved, and your whole life is mediated through that, the way you’re orientated to its presence is going to be different.
如果你時刻刷手機，整個生活都是通過手機來調節的，那么，手機放在哪里對你來說是不同的。
Another factor could be how susceptible a person is to FOMO, or the fear of missing out.
另一個因素可能是一個人有多容易受FOMO的影響，FOMO指的是害怕錯過任何新消息。
There is an official psychologically validated scale for FOMO from 2013 that Parry says could be used alongside measuring brain drain to see if that influences the effect.
帕里說，2013年有一個經過官方心理驗證的FOMO量表，可以與測量認知流失一起使用，看看這是否會影響效果。
The reality is like, “We’re not going to get rid of our phones. They’re going to be around, and [we’re] probably going to become even more dependent on them over time.”
現實是，“我們不會放棄手機。它們將繼續伴在我們左右，我們可能會隨著時間的推移變得更加依賴它們。”
Like, I just had a kid, and I track every time this kid has a diaper on my phone, right?
比如，我剛生了孩子，每次這個孩子換尿片，我都會在手機上跟蹤記錄，對吧？
Like, my whole life is recorded in this little device. They are just woven into every aspect of our lives.
我的一生都記錄在這個小小的設備上。手機已經融入了我們生活的方方面面。
Knowing that the presence of a phone influences working memory could lead to having more targeted technology harm reduction, or keeping an eye out for that specific effect.
了解手機的存在會影響工作記憶，可能會減少更有針對性的技術性傷害，從而密切關注這種特定的影響。
In the end, this meta-analysis indicates we might not have to be super distressed about what a phone in our vicinity is doing to us.
最后，這項元分析表明，我們可能不必為身旁的手機對我們造成的影響感到超級痛苦。
For some people, there still could be a significant brain drain, but for others, it could be more of a drip.
一些人可能存在嚴重的認知流失，而另一些人則可能只流失了一點點。
Thanks for listening! For 60-Second Science, I’m Shayla Love.
謝謝大家收聽科學美國人——60秒科學。我是謝拉·洛夫。
