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The disease dengue is spreading across the Western Hemisphere in numbers not seen since record-keeping began in 1980.
自1980年開始有記錄以來，登革熱正以前所未有的速度在西半球傳播。
Experts are warning that rising temperatures and growing cities are increasing the rate of infection.
專家警告說，氣溫上升和城市發展正在使感染率增加。
More than 4 million cases have been reported throughout the Americas and the Caribbean so far this year, breaking a record set in 2019.
今年到目前為止，美洲和加勒比地區已報告了400多萬例病例，打破了2019年創下的紀錄。
Officials from the Bahamas to Brazil are warning of crowded health centers and new infections daily.
巴哈馬和巴西等地的官員警告說，衛生中心擠滿了人，每天都有新的感染病例。
Reports say there have been more than 2,000 deaths across the wide area.
報道稱，該地區已有2000多人死亡。
Thais dos Santos is with the Pan American Health Organization, the area office of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the Americas.
泰斯·多斯桑托斯就職于泛美衛生組織，該組織是世界衛生組織的美洲區辦事處。
She said diseases like dengue, "provide us a really good sentinel of what is happening with climate change."
她說，諸如登革熱之類的疾病“為我們提供了一個觀察氣候變化的非常好的哨兵。”
A lack of good sanitation and strong health systems have added to the rise in cases.
缺乏良好的衛生設施和強大的衛生系統加劇了病例的增加。
But experts say droughts and floods linked to climate change are causing greater spread of the virus.
但專家表示，與氣候變化相關的干旱和洪水正在導致病毒傳播速度加快。
That is because stored water and heavy rains appeal to mosquitoes.
這是因為儲存的水和大雨會吸引蚊子。
Dr. Gabriela Paz-Bailey is chief of the dengue branch for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Puerto Rico.
加布里埃拉·帕茲-貝利博士是美國疾病控制與預防中心在波多黎各登革熱疾病分部的負責人。
She noted that higher temperatures also are expanding the mosquito's habitat and helping the virus develop faster inside the mosquito.
她指出，更高的溫度也會使蚊子的棲息地擴大，并幫助病毒在蚊子體內更快地發展。
That leads to higher viral loads and a higher chance of transmission.
這會導致更高的病毒載量和更高的傳播幾率。
This year's Northern Hemisphere summer was the hottest ever, with August about 1.5 degrees Celsius warmer than pre-industrial period averages.
今年北半球的夏季是有史以來最熱的，8月份的氣溫比工業化前的平均氣溫高出約1.5攝氏度。
And Copernicus, the European climate service, reported that 2023 is the second hottest year on record.
歐洲哥白尼氣候變化服務局報告稱，2023年是有記錄以來第二熱的一年。
Worldwide, more than 4.5 million cases of dengue had been reported as of early November.
截至11月初，全球報告的登革熱病例已超過450萬例。
There have been more than 4,000 deaths reported in 80 countries.
據報道，80個國家已有4000多人死亡。
Countries like Bangladesh are seeing a record number of cases and deaths.
孟加拉國等國的病例和死亡人數都創下了紀錄。
The government in the South Asian country has reported more than 313,700 cases and more than 1,600 deaths.
這個南亞國家的政府已經報告了超過31.37萬例病例，超過1600人死亡。
Most of the deaths happened within three days of hospitalization.
大多數病例是在住院后三天內死亡。
The mosquito that carries dengue also has been identified in 22 European countries, with local spread of the disease seen in France, Italy and Spain.
攜帶登革熱病毒的蚊子也已在22個歐洲國家被發現，法國、意大利和西班牙也出現了本地登革熱病毒傳播的情況。
In August, the central African country of Chad reported its first dengue outbreak in history.
今年8月，中非國家乍得報告了其歷史上首次登革熱疫情。
Dengue affects some 129 countries, with roughly half the world's population at risk, says the WHO.
世界衛生組織表示，登革熱影響了大約129個國家，世界上大約一半的人口處于危險之中。
Infected female mosquitoes pass the virus when they feed on animals.
感染病毒的雌性蚊子在吸食動物血液時會傳播病毒。
The sickness can cause severe headaches, fever, vomiting, rash and other signs.
這種疾病會導致嚴重的頭痛、發燒、嘔吐、皮疹和其他癥狀。
While most infected people do not get symptoms, severe cases can lead to plasma leakage and death.
雖然大多數感染者沒有癥狀，但嚴重的病例可能會導致血漿滲漏和死亡。
What is worse, experts say, repeated infections means a higher risk of developing severe dengue.
專家稱，更糟糕的是，反復感染意味著患嚴重登革熱的風險更高。
The Caribbean also is battling an increase in cases.
加勒比地區也在與病例增加作斗爭。
The area had reported a 15 percent increase in confirmed cases by early October compared with the same period last year, says the Caribbean Public Health Agency.
加勒比公共衛生局表示，截至10月初，該地區報告的確診病例與去年同期相比增加了15%。
Officials on the French Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique declared an epidemic in August that is still ongoing.
加勒比海法國屬地瓜德羅普島和馬提尼克島的官員在8月份宣布疫情仍在繼續。
Martinique is reporting an average of 800 cases a week on the island of some 394,000 people.
馬提尼克島約有39.4萬人口，平均每周報告800例病例。
Meanwhile, Jamaica and the Bahamas declared an outbreak in September followed by Barbados in October.
與此同時，牙買加和巴哈馬于9月宣布爆發疫情，巴巴多斯隨后于10月宣布爆發疫情。
Poor countries struggle the most with dengue.
貧窮國家深受登革熱病毒困擾。
Bad sanitation creates a good reproduction environment for infected mosquitoes.
惡劣的衛生設施為感染病毒的蚊子創造了良好的繁殖環境。
Poor housing conditions leave people at greater risk of exposure to mosquitoes.
惡劣的住房條件使人們接觸蚊子的風險更大。
Dengue outbreaks can crush already poor and overworked health systems.
登革熱疫情可能會摧毀貧窮國家本已不堪重負的衛生系統。
Jeremy Farra is chief scientist for the WHO.
杰里米·法拉是世界衛生組織的首席科學家。
He said dengue is very difficult to treat partly because patients often delay in seeking medical care.
他說，登革熱很難治療，部分原因是患者經常延誤就醫。
The virus can progress so quickly, he said.
他說，登革熱病毒傳播速度非常快。
Treating those with the disease requires very close patient supervision and a lot of time.
治療這種疾病需要非常密切地監督患者的病情和大量的時間。
Farra said, "Imagine that you have a thousand people like that requiring all that delicate clinical care. It can very quickly overwhelm a system."
法拉說：“想象一下，你有1000個需要細致臨床護理的病人。這很快就會壓垮一個系統。”
I'm Dan Novak.
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