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Brazil's Amazon rainforest has long been home to small and mid-sized sustainable businesses.
巴西的亞馬遜雨林長期以來一直是中小型可持續企業的所在地。
These companies use the area's nuts, fruits and other materials.
這些公司使用該地區的堅果、水果和其他材料。
Now there is a push to increase the number of those businesses.
如今，人們正在推動增加這類企業的數量。
And a new term has come about to describe these kinds of businesses: "bioeconomy."
現在出現了一個新的術語來描述這類企業：“生物經濟”。
Marcelo Salazar has a drink company called Mazo Mana Forest Food.
馬塞洛·薩拉查有一家飲料公司，名為Mazo Mana Forest Food。
The business partners with communities that live from the forest and gather the nuts, cocoa beans, acai, mushrooms, fruits and other ingredients that go into the drinks.
該公司與居住在森林中的社區合作，這些社區收集堅果、可可豆、阿薩伊、蘑菇、水果和其他可制成飲料的原料。
They have received financial support from an investment group in Manaus, Brazil.
他們得到了巴西馬瑙斯市一家投資集團的資金支持。
The hope is that the bioeconomy counters an economy based on forestry and ranching.
人們希望生物經濟能抵消以林業和牧場為基礎的經濟。
Leaders from Amazon countries used and heard the term repeatedly at an August meeting in Belem.
亞馬遜國家的領導人于8月在貝倫舉行的一次會議上反復使用和聽到了這個詞。
The officials expressed interest for policies to protect the rainforest and provide paying work for tens of millions who live in it.
官員們表達了對保護熱帶雨林并為數千萬生活在熱帶雨林中的人提供有償工作等相關政策的興趣。
However, beyond general support for the idea, there was little agreement about what exactly a bioeconomy should look like.
然而，除了普遍支持這一想法之外，對于生物經濟到底應該是什么樣子，幾乎沒有達成一致。
Salazar was on a team chosen by Brazil's environment ministry to speak about the subject.
薩拉查是巴西環境部挑選的一個小組的成員之一，該小組就這一主題進行討論。
The idea is not new.
這個想法并不新鮮。
It is the latest term for sustainable development, also called the green economy.
這是可持續發展的最新術語，也被稱為綠色經濟。
Besides the Brazil nuts and acai harvesters, people are making chocolate from native cocoa.
除了巴西堅果和阿薩伊外，人們還用當地的可可制作巧克力。
There is a sustainable fishery for one of the world's largest freshwater fish.
因為這里有世界上最大的淡水魚之一，所以也可以發展可持續漁業。
A community of rubber gatherers is helping produce shoes.
一個橡膠采集者社區正在幫助生產鞋子。
"The challenge is scale," Para state Governor Helder Barbalho said.
帕拉州州長埃爾德·巴爾巴略說：“挑戰在于規模。”
His state is believed to be the only in Brazil that has a complete bioeconomy plan.
他所在的州被認為是巴西唯一一個擁有完整生物經濟計劃的州。
Para is Brazil's top producer of acai, yet its economy is far more dependent on iron ore exports to China.
帕拉州是巴西最大的阿薩伊產地，但其經濟發展主要依賴向中國出口鐵礦石。
A large amount of land in Para is used by an estimated 27 million farm cows.
估計有2700萬頭奶牛在使用帕拉州的大片土地。
The state emits more greenhouse gases than any Amazon country besides Brazil.
該州排放的溫室氣體比除巴西以外的任何亞馬遜國家都多。
But when it comes to larger sustainable companies, there are few success stories.
但當涉及規模更大、可持續發展的公司時，幾乎沒有成功的例子。
The best example has been skin product company Natura.
護膚品公司Natura就是最好的例子。
Twenty years ago it started a product line using ingredients from traditional Amazon communities and family farms.
20年前，它開創了一條生產線，使用的原料來自傳統亞馬遜社區和家庭農場。
When the company started, local people were using ucuuba trees to make brooms.
該公司成立之初，當地人用黃臘樹做掃帚。
They greatly increased their earnings by leaving the trees standing and selling the seeds to Natura.
他們留下這種樹，賣種子給Natura，從而大大增加了收入。
The change helped conserve more than 2 million hectares of forest.
這一變化幫助保護了200多萬公頃的森林。
Natura bought goods from 41 communities – home to 9,120 families – who in 2022 received about $9 million.
Natura從41個社區購買商品，這些社區共有9120個家庭，這些家庭在2022年的收入約為900萬美元。
Para State's plan for the bioeconomy names 43 forest products that could be exported, including acai, cocoa, cassava, pepper, fish species and essential oils for skin products.
帕拉州的生物經濟計劃列出了43種可出口的森林產品，包括阿薩伊、可可、木薯、胡椒、魚類和護膚精油產品。
And the neighboring Amazonas state is creating a bioeconomy plan with financial support from the U.S. Agency for International Development.
在美國國際開發署的財政支持下，鄰近的亞馬遜州正在制定一項生物經濟計劃。
But some earlier efforts reveal problems.
但一些早期的努力暴露了一些問題。
A state condom factory in the Amazon city of Xapuri opened in 2008.
2008年，亞馬遜城市沙普里開設了一家國有避孕套工廠。
It was supposed to provide a market for hundreds of rubber-gathering families.
它本應為數百個收集橡膠的家庭提供一個市場。
But the factory closed 10 years later, after federal funding came to an end.
但10年后，隨著聯邦資金終止，這家工廠關閉了。
Locals resorted to cattle ranching and today the area ranks high for deforestation.
于是當地人不得不求助于養牛牧場，如今該地區的森林砍伐程度很高。
Cocoa beans have also caused problems.
可可豆也帶來了問題。
The trees can be a way to let forest grow back where it has been cut down.
種植可可樹有助于重新造林。
But its appeal in places like the Ivory Coast and Ghana has meant massive deforestation to make way for the trees that earn more money.
但在科特迪瓦和加納等地，它的吸引力意味著為了給賺更多錢的樹木讓路而大規模砍伐森林。
Salazar, head of Mazo Mana, views his company as both social-minded and good for the economy.
Mazo Mana的負責人薩拉查認為，他的公司既具有社會意識，又對經濟發展有利。
It keeps nearly 10 percent of its money for its partner community associations.
它保留了近10%的資金給其合作社區協會。
Salazar thinks the sustainable companies that succeed and grow big will be those with a mission to solve the Amazon's problems.
薩拉查認為，成功并發展壯大的可持續公司將會是那些肩負解決亞馬遜問題的使命的公司。
He says those companies will drive an economy that sees the value of the forest.
他說，這類公司將會推動看到森林價值的經濟發展。
I'm Dan Novak.
丹·諾瓦克為您播報。
譯文為可可英語翻譯，未經授權請勿轉載！
