評論
打印
So quantum mechanics has been made to work very well with every other theory, and every other force of nature. [qh]
因此，量子力學可以用來解釋其他所有理論和自然力。[qh]
Quantum mechanics can describe electromagnetism and the strong and the weak force that works inside atoms, but it can't describe gravity.[qh]
量子力學可以描述電磁力和原子內部的強力和弱力，但不能描述引力。[qh]
And yet with black holes, you have something that's teeny tiny, and yet the gravity is super strong. [qh]
而對于黑洞，雖然黑洞非常微小，但引力卻非常強。[qh]
And when we try to describe what's going on in them, we can't, we don't have a theory to tell us everything about how a black hole works, and we really don't understand what's going on inside them.[qh]
當我們試圖描述黑洞內部的情況時，我們沒有一個理論來告訴我們黑洞是如何運作的，我們真的不知道它們內部的情況。[qh]
How long have we known about this paradox?[qh]
我們知道這個悖論有多久了?[qh]
So this paradox dates back 50 years, and the story basically starts with Steven Hawking.[qh]
這個悖論可以追溯到50年前，這個故事基本上是從史蒂芬·霍金開始的。[qh]
In 1974, he discovered that black holes leak.[qh]
1974年, 他發現黑洞會泄漏。[qh]
They let out radiation over time, particle by particle. [qh]
隨著時間的推移，它們會一個粒子一個粒子地釋放輻射。[qh]
They get smaller and smaller and smaller, and eventually they completely disappear. [qh]
它們變得越來越小，最后完全消失了。[qh]
Sounds weird, but, okay. [qh]
聽起來很奇怪，但是，這是可以的。[qh]
The problem is that if black holes can disappear, so can all the information about what fell into them.[qh]
問題是，如果黑洞可以消失，那么所有關于墜入黑洞的信息也會消失。[qh]
And that is a huge problem because that breaks the laws of physics. [qh]
這是一個巨大的問題，因為它違反了物理定律。[qh]
According to quantum mechanics, information can never be destroyed.[qh]
根據量子力學，信息永遠不會被摧毀。[qh]
You might think information is destroyed all the time, when you shred an invoice or burn a book, for instance.[qh]
例如，當你撕碎一張發票或燒毀一本書時，你可能總是會認為信息是會被銷毀的。[qh]
But according to physics, if you had complete knowledge of the book ahead of time of every atom and every molecule within the book, then you could follow each atom and molecule through the burning process to see where they all ended up and everything would be fine.[qh]
但根據物理學，如果你事先對書中的每個原子和分子都有完整的了解，那么你就可以跟蹤每個原子和分子的消耗過程，看看它們最后去了哪里，一切都會正常運行。[qh]
But black holes aren't like this. [qh]
但黑洞卻不是這樣的。[qh]
If a black hole is destroyed, it's completely destroyed and there's no way to access the information that it once held. [qh]
如果一個黑洞被摧毀了，它就完全被摧毀了，我們無法獲取它曾經擁有的信息。[qh]
And that can't be, that's a paradox.[qh]
這是不可能的，這是一個悖論。[qh]
Wow. But obviously there's new information and new research. [qh]
但顯然出現了新的信息和新的研究。[qh]
Can you tell me about it?[qh]
你能給我講講嗎?[qh]
Right. So for 50 years, scientists have been puzzling over this issue and trying to figure out what's going on and whether there's a way to save the information that's inside black holes.[qh]
好。50年來，科學家們一直在苦苦思索這個問題，試圖弄清楚到底發生了什么，以及是否有一種方法可以保存黑洞內部的信息。[qh]
And finally, in the last few years, they've had a major breakthrough.[qh]
終于在過去的幾年里，他們取得了重大突破。[qh]
The breakthrough involves several, very mind bending concepts. [qh]
這一突破涉及幾個非常令人費解的概念。[qh]
One of them is wormhole, which is bridges in space time. [qh]
其中一個概念是蟲洞，蟲洞是時空中的橋梁。[qh]
These, these are shortcuts in space-time that connect two very distant points.[qh]
蟲洞是連接兩個非常遙遠的點的時空捷徑。[qh]
And the other has to do with the weird rules of quantum mechanics.[qh]
另一個概念與量子力學的奇怪規則有關。[qh]
According to quantum mechanics, everything that can happen. Does happen. [qh]
根據量子力學，任何事情都可能會發生。的確是會發生的。[qh]
So a particle, for instance, doesn't just travel along a straight line from point A to point B.[qh]
例如，一個粒子，不只可以沿著直線從A點抵達B點。[qh]
Instead it takes all of the possible paths that could connect point A and point B.[qh]
相反，一個粒子可以選擇所有可能連接A點和B點的路徑。[qh]
關注微信公眾號【可可雙語精讀】，獲取詳細講解內容
