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There's no standardized test for misophonia, but doctors use screening tools to assess its severity.
目前，還沒有針對恐音癥的標準化測試，不過醫生會借助篩查工具來評估其嚴重程度。
One of the most common is the Duke misophonia questionnaire (DMQ), which helps determine whether a person's sound sensitivity is severe enough to interfere with daily life -- affecting work, school, self-esteem, or relationships.
其中一種常見工具是杜克恐音癥問卷（DMQ），它能幫助判斷一個人的聲音敏感度是否嚴重到影響日常生活，比如影響工作、學習、自尊心或人際關系。
"Most people report having their first memory of misophonia somewhere between the age of eight and 12," says Brout, which is why the Amsterdam Misophonia Scale was developed for assessing children.
“大多數人表示，他們對恐音癥最早的記憶大概出現在8歲到12歲之間。”布勞特說，正因如此，阿姆斯特丹恐音癥量表被開發出來，用于評估兒童的恐音癥情況。
Despite its growing recognition, misophonia remains absent from the DSM-5, the leading diagnostic manual for psychiatric conditions.
盡管恐音癥越來越被認可，但它仍未被列入《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》第五版（這是精神病學病癥的主要診斷手冊）。
Researchers hope for its inclusion one day, but their more immediate goal is to secure an ICD (International Classification of Diseases) code to enable private healthcare reimbursement.
研究人員期望有一天它能被納入其中，不過他們眼下更迫切的目標是獲得一個國際疾病分類（ICD）編碼，以便患者能獲得私人醫療報銷。
"That's really important because then misophonia will be more recognized," Harte-Hargrove says. "People can actually go to a clinician, and it can be covered by their healthcare provider."
“這真的很重要，因為一旦有了編碼，恐音癥就能得到更多認可。”哈特-哈格羅夫說，“人們就能真正去看臨床醫生，費用也能由醫療保健提供者支付?！?/div>
Since no known cure for misophonia exists, treatment focuses on managing symptoms.
由于目前還沒有治愈恐音癥的已知方法，治療主要聚焦于控制癥狀。
Many patients rely on noise-canceling headphones or white noise to block out triggers, but psychological approaches can also help.
許多患者依靠降噪耳機或白噪音來屏蔽觸發聲音，心理治療方法同樣也有幫助。
The most common psychological intervention is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a talking therapy that trains the brain to reframe its response to trigger sounds.
最常見的心理干預方法是認知行為療法（CBT），這是一種談話療法，旨在訓練大腦重新構建對觸發聲音的反應。
"It's about taking control of sounds and interacting with them in different ways to help the brain update its learning and discover that these sounds are annoying but not harmful," Gregory explains.
“這關乎對聲音的控制，以及以不同方式與它們互動，幫助大腦更新認知，讓大腦意識到這些聲音雖煩人，但并無危害。”格雷戈里解釋道。
Unlike exposure therapy, which forces confrontation with fears, CBT for misophonia is tailored to what the patient can tolerate.
與暴露療法不同，暴露療法是強迫面對恐懼，而針對恐音癥的認知行為療法是根據患者的耐受程度量身定制的。
"It's also used to reduce self-blame, particularly for people who feel like, 'I'm this angry person deep down inside and I shouldn't be feeling this way' or 'People are doing it deliberately so the person making that sound can't possibly care about me.' It's updating those narratives," she adds.
“它還用于減少自責，特別是針對那些覺得‘我本質上是個易怒的人，我不該有這種感覺’，或者‘人們是故意這么做的，發出那種聲音的人根本不在乎我’的人。它能幫助更新這些想法?！彼a充道。
Research shows promise for CBT, with studies from the Netherlands and the U.S. suggesting it can significantly reduce symptoms in about a third to half of patients.
研究顯示，認知行為療法頗具前景，荷蘭和美國的研究表明，它能顯著減輕大約三分之一到一半患者的癥狀。
Meanwhile, scientists are exploring new treatment possibilities, including brain stimulation techniques used for other neurological disorders.
與此同時，科學家們正在探索新的治療可能性，包括用于其他神經系統疾病的腦刺激技術。
"We're hopeful that sometime soon we will have better and more treatment options for people with misophonia," Harte-Hargrove says.
“我們期待在不久的將來，能為患有恐音癥的人提供更多、更好的治療選擇?！惫?哈格羅夫說。
