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Esther hernandez fled Venezuela to Colombia in 2017 with her husband, three daughters and a sewing machine.
2017 年，埃絲特·埃爾南德斯（Esther hernandez）帶著丈夫、三個女兒和一臺縫紉機逃離委內瑞拉前往哥倫比亞。
Her voice cracks as she recalls sleeping in a shelter, cooking on an open fire and at times going hungry. Her husband left for Chile in 2018, desperate for work.
回憶起在避難所睡覺、在明火上做飯、有時挨餓的情景，她的聲音都哽咽了。2018年，她的丈夫因為急需工作而離開委內瑞拉前往智利。
He eventually got a construction job in Puerto Montt, some 8,000 kilometers (5,000 miles) away. Ms Hernandez built up a sewing business.
他最終在8000公里（5000英里）外的蒙特港找到了一份建筑工作。埃爾南德斯女士創(chuàng)辦了一家縫紉公司。
Saving furiously, and with regularised legal status in Colombia, the family eventually bought land in El Zulia, a small village near the Venezuelan border. Brick by brick she built a house there.
憑借在哥倫比亞合法身份，全家拼命攢錢，最終在委內瑞拉邊境附近的一個小村莊埃爾蘇利亞買了一塊地。她在那里一磚一瓦地蓋起了房子。
Now, after six years away, her husband is coming home at last. "I am a Zuliana now," she smiles.
現(xiàn)在，在離開委內瑞拉六年后，她的丈夫終于回家了。“我現(xiàn)在是蘇利亞人了，”她笑著說。
If you listen to American politicians you might think that every migrant in Latin America is heading for the United States. In the past most did, but not any more.
如果你聽美國政客的話，你可能會認為拉丁美洲的每個移民都前往美國。過去大多數(shù)人都是這樣，但現(xiàn)在不是了。
The Hernandez family, rather than those who make for the United States, is now typical of Latin American migrants.
埃爾南德斯一家沒有前往美國，現(xiàn)在是典型的拉丁美洲移民。
Between 2015 and 2022 the number of intra-regional migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean soared by nearly 7 million to almost 13 million.
2015年至2022年間，拉丁美洲和加勒比地區(qū)的區(qū)域內移民數(shù)量飆升近700萬，達到近1300萬。
Over the same period the number of migrants from the region living in the United States increased by just 1 million.
在同一時期，居住在美國的該地區(qū)移民數(shù)量僅增加了100萬。
Most of those migrants are Venezuelans fleeing dictatorship and economic chaos.
這些移民大多是逃離獨裁統(tǒng)治和經(jīng)濟混亂的委內瑞拉人。
Some 8 million now live outside Venezuela, 85% of those in Latin America and the Caribbean.
目前約有800萬人生活在委內瑞拉境外，其中85%生活在拉丁美洲和加勒比地區(qū)。
They are joined by Nicaraguans, also ditching dictatorship, who tend to make for Costa Rica.
與他們一起的還有同樣擺脫獨裁統(tǒng)治的尼加拉瓜人，他們傾向于前往哥斯達黎加。
Haitians, escaping the horror of their gang-run state, also tend to settle in Latin America and the Caribbean, particularly in the Dominican Republic and Chile.
海地人為了逃離恐怖的黑幫統(tǒng)治，也傾向于定居在拉丁美洲和加勒比地區(qū)，尤其是多米尼加共和國和智利。
With a 2,200 kilometers border with Venezuela, Colombia is on the front line.
哥倫比亞與委內瑞拉有2200公里長的邊界，處于前線。
Some 2.8 million Venezuelans live there, one in every 20 people in Colombia. The country has been remarkably welcoming.
約有280萬委內瑞拉人生活在那里，每20名哥倫比亞人中就有1名委內瑞拉人。該國一直非常熱情好客。
In 2017 it opened the first of a series of schemes giving some Venezuelans access to health care and education, and the right to work, for two years.
2017年，該國啟動了一系列計劃中的第一個，為一些委內瑞拉人提供兩年的醫(yī)療保健和教育以及工作權利。
In 2021 it went further, guaranteeing Venezuelans who had arrived before February that year most of the rights enjoyed by Colombians, even if they had entered the country irregularly.
2021年，該國更進一步，保證當年2月之前抵達的委內瑞拉人享有哥倫比亞人享有的大部分權利，即使他們是非法入境的。
This scheme lasts for a decade, and provides a path to permanent residency and citizenship.
該計劃持續(xù)十年，為獲得永久居留權和公民身份提供了途徑。
Almost 2 million Venezuelans, including Ms Hernandez, have already received their new identity card under this scheme. Some 350,000 more applications are being processed.
包括埃爾南德斯女士在內的近200萬委內瑞拉人已經(jīng)根據(jù)該計劃獲得了新的身份證。另有約35萬份申請正在處理中。
This warm welcome can be seen at the Centro Abrazar (roughly, hugging centre) in Bogota, a kindergarten-cum-migrant-centre funded by the city's government.
在波哥大的Centro Abrazar（大致意思是擁抱中心）可以看到這種熱烈的歡迎，這是一所由該市政府資助的幼兒園兼移民中心。
Mere days after long, scary journeys, dozens of Venezuelan children twirl and sing, wearing paper sashes decorated in crayon with their favourite word about themselves ("happy", "beautiful", "brave").
經(jīng)過漫長而可怕的旅程，短短幾天后，數(shù)十名委內瑞拉兒童就旋轉著、唱歌，戴著用蠟筆裝飾的紙飾帶，上面寫著他們最喜歡的詞語（“快樂”、“美麗”、“勇敢”）。
The centre is free, open every day of the year and, crucially, helps new arrivals quickly get their papers in order and their children registered in Bogota's school system.
該中心免費開放，全年無休，最重要的是，它幫助新來者快速辦理證件，并讓他們的孩子在波哥大的學校系統(tǒng)中注冊。
A nativist might expect such a welcome to lead to severe economic disruption. Yet migrants did not push up unemployment among local workers, even in Colombia.
本土主義者可能會認為這樣的歡迎會導致嚴重的經(jīng)濟混亂。然而，移民并沒有推高當?shù)毓と说氖I(yè)率，即使在哥倫比亞也是如此。
The wages of less-educated and informal workers did fall in Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador, but the decrease was usually small and temporary.
在巴西、哥倫比亞和厄瓜多爾，受教育程度較低和非正規(guī)工人的工資確實下降了，但下降幅度通常很小，而且是暫時的。
The IMF estimates that since 2017, Venezuelan migrants have increased annual GDP growth by an average of 0.1 percentage points in receiving countries like Panama, and by 0.2 in Colombia, a boost which will last until 2030.
國際貨幣基金組織（INF）估計，自2017年以來，委內瑞拉移民為巴拿馬等接收國帶來了平均每年GDP增長 0.1個百分點，為哥倫比亞帶來了0.2個百分點的增長，這種增長將持續(xù)到2030年。
Hospitals and schools feel the strain, nowhere more so than in Colombia. In 2019 the country spent 0.5% of its GDP looking after migrants, according to the IMF.
醫(yī)院和學校感受到了壓力，哥倫比亞的情況尤其如此。根據(jù)IMF的數(shù)據(jù)，2019年該國將GDP的0.5%用于照顧移民。
