評(píng)論
打印
China
中國板塊
Inequality in education
教育不平等
Serve the rich
為富人服務(wù)
It is becoming even harder for poor students to get into a good university
寒門子弟越來越難進(jìn)入好大學(xué)。
After xiong xuan’ang gained the capital’s best score in China’s university-entrance exam in 2017, he was interviewed by Beijing’s media. The son of diplomats, Mr Xiong acknowledged that his upbringing had been privileged. “All the top scorers now come from wealthy families,” he said. “It is becoming very difficult for students from rural areas to get into good universities.” His honesty drew much praise online.
熊軒昂在2017年獲得高考狀元之后，接受了北京媒體的采訪。作為外交官之子，熊軒昂承認(rèn)自己的成長(zhǎng)過程受到了優(yōu)待。熊軒昂表示：“現(xiàn)在所有的狀元都出生于富裕家庭。農(nóng)村學(xué)生越來越難考上好大學(xué)了。”他的誠實(shí)在網(wǎng)上贏得了很多贊譽(yù)。
Since 1998, when China began a huge expansion of university enrolment, the number of students admitted annually has quadrupled to nearly 10m. About one third of high-school students now proceed to undergraduate courses. Data are patchy, but experts agree that the share of rural students at China’s best universities (the top 1%) has shrunk. Only 0.3% of rural students make it into them, compared with 2.8% of urban ones. Most other tertiary institutions are far inferior.
中國大學(xué)自1998年以來開始大規(guī)模擴(kuò)招，每年錄取的學(xué)生數(shù)量翻了一番，達(dá)到了近1000萬人。現(xiàn)在大約有三分之一的高中生考入本科。雖然數(shù)據(jù)不完整，但專家們一致認(rèn)為，就讀于中國最好的大學(xué)（前1%）的農(nóng)村學(xué)生比例有所下降。只有0.3%的農(nóng)村學(xué)生能夠就讀于頂級(jí)大學(xué)，相比之下，城市學(xué)生的比例為2.8%。大多數(shù)其他高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)都遠(yuǎn)不及那些頂級(jí)大學(xué)。
Around the world, students from poor backgrounds struggle to compete with their richer counterparts. In China the divide is particularly stark. The main cause is the hukou system, which makes it very difficult to gain free access to state-provided services outside the place where one’s household is registered. This means that in cities, the children of migrants from the countryside are usually shut out of local state schools. They have to attend shoddy private ones that charge fees, or go to their parents’ village for an education that is free but also bare-bones.
世界各地的寒門子弟都在努力與出身富裕家庭的學(xué)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。這種分歧在中國尤為明顯。主要原因在于戶口制度，學(xué)生們很難在戶籍地以外的地方免費(fèi)獲得國家提供的服務(wù)。這意味著流動(dòng)到城市里的農(nóng)村孩子通常會(huì)被當(dāng)?shù)氐墓W(xué)校拒之門外。這些孩子被迫就讀于收費(fèi)的劣質(zhì)私立學(xué)校，或者回老家接受免費(fèi)但貧乏的教育。
The situation is made worse by the way that university places are allocated. The best universities are concentrated in the biggest and richest cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. They offer a disproportionate number of places to students with local hukou. China’s two most prestigious universities, Peking University and Tsinghua, are in Beijing. Their acceptance rate is around 1% for local students but only a tenth of that for applicants from places outside the capital, according to state television. More students from Beijing are admitted to Tsinghua every year than the combined number of successful applicants from Guangdong and Shandong. The population of those two provinces is ten times bigger than Beijing’s.
大學(xué)招生名額的分配方式使情況變得更糟。頂級(jí)大學(xué)集中在北京和上海等最大且最富裕的城市。他們?yōu)橛挟?dāng)?shù)貞艨诘膶W(xué)生提供了遠(yuǎn)超比例的招生名額。北大和清華這兩所中國最著名的大學(xué)都位于北京。據(jù)官媒報(bào)道，這兩所大學(xué)在當(dāng)?shù)氐匿浫÷试?%左右，但首都以外地區(qū)的學(xué)生錄取率只有這個(gè)數(shù)的十分之一。清華每年招收的北京學(xué)生比廣東和山東的錄取總數(shù)還要多。而這兩個(gè)省的人口卻是北京的十倍。
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