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At last, doctors had the power to heal.
最后，醫生擁有了治愈的力量。
It seemed man had infectious disease on the run.
看來人類遇到了在逃的傳染病。
In the 40s, when antibiotics really came into general use, there was such a kind of high that developed.
40年代，當抗生素真正開始普遍使用時，獲得了高度發展。
Because we were taking things like streptococcal blood poisoning and pneumonias, gonorrhea, syphilis
因為我們治療諸如鏈球菌血中毒和肺炎、淋病、梅毒之類的疾病，
and all of these things were being cured.
所有這些都得到治愈。
It was really was a miracle.
這真是個奇跡。
Four-year-old Elijah was a sick little boy and his mother Vivian was worried.
四歲的以利亞是個生病的小男孩，他的母親維維安很擔心。
He wouldn't eat, he wouldn't do anything.
他不吃，什么也不做。
He just laid here.
他就躺在這里。
He said his foot was hurt.
他說腳疼。
Paxton did he step on something.
帕克斯頓踩到什么東西了。
did he hurt his foot?
他傷到腳了嗎？
He said no.
他說沒有。
It was very unusual.
這很不尋常。
Hanging that this fever wouldn't know Dan and knew it was serious.
丹不知道會燒得這么厲害。
As an experienced mother of five, Vivian had never seen an illness like this.
作為一個經驗豐富的五個孩子的母親，薇薇安從未見過這樣的疾病。
After two days of high fever, she brought Elijah to the hospital.
高燒兩天后，她把以利亞帶到醫院。
Vivian learned Elijah's fever in pain were caused by a bacterial infection in his foot.
維維安得知，以利亞疼痛發燒是由于腳部細菌感染所致。
The bacterium called pneumococcus usually causes ear infections.
肺炎球菌通常引起耳朵感染。
But in Elijah's case it got in his bloodstream and lodged in the bone.
但在以利亞的情況中，病菌進入了他的血液，停在骨頭里。
The doctors prescribed antibiotics and expected Elijah to feel better in a couple of days.
醫生開了抗生素，希望以利亞在幾天內會感覺好些。
But five days later, Elijah's fever had not gone down.
但五天后，以利亞的高燒沒有退去。
The antibiotics were not working.
抗生素無效。
In the late 70s, we produced in the pharmaceutical industry antibiotics active against resistant organisms in three or four different classes.
70年代末，我們在制藥行業生產對抗三、四類耐藥菌的抗生素。
In the early 80s, these products all came to the market and everybody all physicians said well
80年代初，這些產品全部進入市場，每個醫生都說
now we've got something active against all the resistant organisms.
現在我們已經有了針對所有抗藥性生物的有效成分。
And the message that came back to the pharmaceutical industry from the medical community
從醫學界傳給制藥行業的信息是，
was in fact that they really didn't need anymore new antibiotics.
他們真的不再需要新的抗生素了。
I think that that was a certain segment of the medical community
我認為那是醫學界的一部分人，
who didn't understand bacteria and understand how bacteria change and modify and adapt.
他們不了解細菌，也不了解細菌是如何變化、改變和適應的。
This is one way bacteria adapt.
這是細菌適應的一種方式。
A bacterium with a plasmid plasmids hold genetic information will connect with another bacterium.
一個含有質粒的細菌將與另一個細菌相連接。
