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The second principle is that the policy will only reimburse the ransom once it is paid.
第二個原則是，只有支付了贖金，保險才會賠償。
The insurance company never fronts any money.
保險公司從不預付任何款項。
In order to raise the cash, the victim’s family will probably have to liquidate assets – mortgage the house, sell stocks, pool money from other relatives.
為了湊夠贖金，受害者家人可能匯清理資產——抵押房屋，銷售股票，向其他親戚借錢。
This process makes the negotiations credible by dragging them out.
這一過程通過拖延談判，使談判變得可信。
This is not just about minimising the payout by the insurance company.
這不僅是將保險公司的賠償減到最小。
Quickly making good on a large ransom raises the expectations of future kidnappers.
迅速兌現巨額贖金提高了未來綁架者的期望值。
It can make hostage-taking more lucrative and more common.
它可以使劫持人質變得更有利可圖，也更普遍。
When K&R insurance first came on the market, the policyholders were left on their own to negotiate with the kidnappers.
當K&R保險首次出現在市場上時，保單持有人只能自己與綁架者談判。
But in the mid-1970s, an insurance broker named Julian Radcliffe came up with an idea that would revolutionise the industry.
但是在20世紀70年代中期，一位叫朱利安·拉德克利夫的保險經紀人想出了一個將變革這個行業的主意。
Along with a few colleagues, Radcliffe convinced their company to set up a subsidiary focused on hostage response.
拉德克利夫和一些同事一起說服公司成立一個子公司，專們研究人質反應。
The subsidiary, which they named Control Risks, would hire security experts – mostly former military and police – to handle negotiations.
他們給子公司起名為“控制風險”，該公司將雇傭安全專家——大多數以前是軍人或警察——來談判。
The cost of hiring the consultant was included in the policy and borne by the insurance company.
雇傭顧問的花費會包含在該保險之中，由保險公司承擔。
In 1982, Control Risks became an independent company.
1982年，控制風險成了一家獨立公司。
By the early 80s, hostage-taking was on the rise in Latin America, particularly in Colombia.
80年代初，在拉丁美洲，劫持人質事件呈上升趨勢，尤其是哥倫比亞。
When Milne arrived in Bogota, he discovered a vast, untapped market.
米爾恩到達波哥大后，發現了一個巨大的、未開發的市場。
As an insurance broker, he sold a variety of policies offered by different companies available through the Lloyd’s exchange in London.
作為一個保險經紀人，他在倫敦的勞合社銷售了一系列由不同公司提供的保險單。
The job of the broker is to serve the client and to advocate for their interests in the event of a claim.
保險經紀人的工作是為客戶提供服務，在發生索賠時維護他們的利益。
The underwriters represent the insurance companies.
承包人代表著保險公司。
Specialised, high-risk policies were placed on the Lloyd’s insurance exchange,
勞合社保險交易所提供了專門的高風險保單，
and Milne would field offers from different underwriters.
米爾恩會處理不同保險商的報價。
He would select the policy that best suited his client.
他會選擇最適合他的客戶的保險單。
