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A 2019 analysis in the journal Nature identified nine tipping points—
《自然》雜志2019年的一項(xiàng)分析得出了9個(gè)地球似乎已經(jīng)瀕臨的引爆點(diǎn)——
from the collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet to the thawing of Arctic permafrost—that the planet appears close to reaching,
從南極西部冰蓋的崩塌到北極永久凍土的融化——
any one of which might very well be triggered if warming exceeds 1.5°C.
如果變暖幅度超過1.5°C，其中的任何一個(gè)引爆點(diǎn)都可能被觸發(fā)。
"Going beyond 2°C is a very critical step," says Johan Rockstrom,
“邁過2°C這一門檻將是非常關(guān)鍵的一步，”
director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research,
波茨坦氣候影響研究所所長約恩·羅克斯托姆說道，
"not only in terms of economic and human impact but also in terms of the stability of the earth."
“不僅從氣候變化對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和人類的影響的角度來看是這樣，從整個(gè)地球的穩(wěn)定性來看也是如此。”
To keep temperatures from rising past the 1.5°C goal,
聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署的一份報(bào)告顯示，
we would need to cut global greenhouse-gas emissions 7.6% every year for the next decade,
為防止氣溫上升超過1.5°C，
according to a report from the U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP).
我們需要將接下來十年的每一年的全球溫室氣體排放量都減少7.6%。
That’s about the level the COVID-19 pandemic will reduce emissions this year,
大致相當(dāng)于今年的新冠疫情減少的排放量，
but virtually no one thinks a deadly pandemic and accompanying unemployment is a sustainable way to halt climate change—
問題是，鮮有人認(rèn)為致命流行病及隨之而來的失業(yè)能夠可持續(xù)地阻止氣候變化——
and recessions are typically followed by sharp rebounds in emissions.
不僅如此，經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退之后通常都會(huì)出現(xiàn)排放量的大幅反彈。
To achieve the 1.5°C goal without creating mass disruption has always meant thoughtfully restructuring the global economy,
既要實(shí)現(xiàn)將氣候變暖控制在1.5°C以內(nèi)的目標(biāo)，又要不引起大規(guī)模的破壞，一般就意味著要對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行精心的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，
moving it away from fossil fuel extraction slowly but surely.
一步一個(gè)腳印地?cái)[脫對(duì)化石燃料開采的依賴。
Scientists and economists agree this is the last opportunity we have to do so.
科學(xué)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家一致都認(rèn)為，我們已經(jīng)沒有更多的機(jī)會(huì)。
"If we delay further than 2020," says Rockstrom,
“如果我們推遲到2020年以后，”羅克斯托姆說，
"there’s absolutely no empirical evidence that it can be done in an orderly way."
“我們沒有任何的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明我們還能有序地完成這項(xiàng)工作。”
As of late June, countries had spent some $11 trillion on measures to halt the pandemic and stem its economic impact, according to the IMF.
IMF數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至6月下旬，各國在遏制疫情及其帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響方面的投資已經(jīng)高達(dá)近11萬億美元。
Economists say that’s not enough, and countries and central banks plan to keep doling out money to help the global economy stay afloat.
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家表示，這還不夠，各國及中央銀行計(jì)劃繼續(xù)發(fā)放資金，幫助全球經(jīng)濟(jì)維持運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
There are lots of things we could be buying with that money that would make our lives better and protect us from climate disaster.
我們?cè)究梢杂眠@筆錢買很多東西，讓我們的生活變得更好，保護(hù)我們免受氣候?yàn)?zāi)難的影響。
In recent months, leading institutions across the spectrum have offered approaches
近幾個(gè)月來，各行各業(yè)的龍頭機(jī)構(gòu)都提出了一些建議，
that are varied in their specifics but generally similar in philosophy: invest in greener infrastructure.
盡管細(xì)節(jié)各有差異，理念卻是大體相似的：投資更環(huán)保的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。
The International Energy Agency (IEA), for example, calls for an annual $1 trillion investment in clean energy for the next three years.
比如，國際能源署(IEA)呼吁未來三年內(nèi)每年在清潔能源方面投資1萬億美元。
At a cost of about 0.7% of global GDP,
這一數(shù)額約占全球GDP的0.7%，
this would represent a small portion of the funds spent to combat COVID-19 but could be transformative.
跟抗擊新冠肺炎的投入比起來不過是九牛一毛，但就算是這么一筆小小的資金也能產(chǎn)生變革性的影響。
Expansion and modernization of electric grids would allow for easier flow of renewable energy.
隨著電網(wǎng)的擴(kuò)張和現(xiàn)代化，未來的可再生能源會(huì)變得更容易獲取、輸送。
Governments could buy out gas-guzzling vehicles, pushing consumers to go electric.
政府可以買斷耗油車輛，推動(dòng)消費(fèi)者向電動(dòng)汽車消費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)型。
Homes and buildings could be retrofitted to consume less energy.
住宅等建筑可通過翻新的方式減少能耗。
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