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While alienation and isolation are certainly hallmarks of modern life, when a crowd is needed, it springs into life.
雖然疏遠和孤立無疑是現代生活的特征，但當需要人群時，它就會活躍起來。
The 2009 Iran green revolution, the 2011 Arab Spring, the Occupy movement,
2009年伊朗綠色革命，2011年的占領運動阿拉伯之春，
the Spanish indignados and the 2013 Gezi Park protests in Turkey –
西班牙的憤怒運動和2013年土耳其加濟公園抗議活動，
all of these "movements of the squares" saw physical public space unexpectedly replenished with fresh, angry crowds
所有這些“廣場運動”讓實體的公共空間出乎意料地充滿了新鮮的、憤怒的人群，
that had established many of their initial networks and political education via the internet.
他們通過互聯網建立了許多最初的網絡和政治教育。
"Online inspiration, offline perspiration", as one slogan of the time put it.
正如當時的一句口號所言，“線上啟發靈感，線下流下汗水”。
These digitally enhanced tactics took over British streets in the winter of 2010,
這些線上靈感增強了2010年冬天占領英國街道的戰術，
when student and anti-cuts protesters came out against the Conservative-Lib Dem coalition's austerity policies and tripling of tuition fees.
當時學生和反對削減開支的抗議者出來反對保守黨和自由民主黨聯合政府的緊縮政策和三倍學費決策。
The police responded with the controversial crowd-control tactic of kettling – essentially imprisoning people outdoors between lines of riot police,
警方采取了備受爭議的控制人群的灌壺策略——基本上是把人們堵在防暴警察的防線之間，
without access to food, water, toilets, warm clothing or medical assistance, for hours at a time.
有時連續幾個小時不讓他們得到食物、水、廁所、暖和的衣服或醫療援助。
Kettling worked against the student protesters on several fronts, dampening their spirits,
灌壺策略在幾個方面對抗議學生起到了作用，打擊了他們的情緒，
disincentivising future protests, riling up some to violence and thus delivering the government the PR victory they needed.
抑制了未來抗議活動，激怒一些人走向暴力，從而實現政府所需的公關勝利。
"Is not the point of a kettle that it brings things to the boil?"
“水壺的作用不就是把東西燒開嗎？”
David Lammy MP asked Theresa May, then the home secretary, at the time.
議員大衛·拉米問時任內政大臣的特雷莎·梅。
But it also radicalised many of them, precisely because they had had their freedom to move restricted,
但是它也使他們中的很多人變得激進，準確來說是因為他們的行動自由受到了限制，
pushing them to direct action tactics in defiance of the tactics proposed by the leaders of the National Union of Students.
迫使他們無視全國學生聯合會領導人提出的策略，而采取直接的行動策略。
