評論
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The explosion of CCTV is just one way the 21st-century city hampers the freedom of the crowd.
監控數量的暴漲是這個21世紀城市阻礙群眾自由的一種方式。
Urban regeneration programmes are designed to channel us efficiently towards work and the shops – spaces built for Homo economicus,
城市再生計劃是為了有效地引導我們走向工作和商店——為“理性經濟人”建造的空間，
human beings interacting transactionally, rather as social citizens.
人類進行交易互動，而不是作為社會公民互動。
What look like potential meeting grounds for crowds in the modern British city are often mirages:
在現代英國城市中，看起來可能成為人群集會場所的地方往往是幻想：
regeneration zones such as Spinningfields in Manchester, Liverpool One and More London have replaced genuine public spaces with privately owned public spaces.
再生區，比如曼徹斯特的旋轉場，利物浦購物中心和最倫敦區已經用私人擁有的公共空間取代了真正的公共空間。
These are patrolled by security guards and underwritten by private rules and regulations,
這些地方有保安巡邏，并有私人規章制度保障，
whereby the owners are perfectly entitled to ban gatherings and political protests, and move along whoever they like, whenever they like.
因此，業主完全有權利禁止集會和政治抗議，并在他們喜歡的任何時候、任何時候隨行。
In 2011, when Occupy London attempted to set up camp in Paternoster Square, outside the London Stock Exchange,
2011年，當“占領倫敦”運動試圖在倫敦證券交易所外的特諾斯特廣場扎營時，
they were blocked by police barricades, enforcing an emergency high court injunction that established that the land was indeed private property.
他們被警察設置的路障封鎖，強制執行高等法院的緊急禁令，確認這片土地確實是私人財產。
This was odd, the Observer's architecture critic Rowan Moore wrote at the time, "as almost every architectural statement, planning application,
這很奇怪，《觀察家報》的建筑評論家羅文·摩爾當時寫道：“在帕特諾斯特廣場的長期重建中，幾乎每一個建筑陳述、規劃申請，
and press release, in the protracted redevelopment of Paternoster Square, described this ‘private land' as ‘public space'."
新聞稿件中，都將這片“私人土地”描述為“公共空間”。
If the average British city has undergone huge transformations since the Criminal Justice Act, then so have the people in it.
如果自從《刑事司法公訴令》頒布后，一般的英國城市都經歷了巨大的轉變。那里面的人也一樣。
Crowd behaviour in the 21st century has been conditioned by the new devices at our fingertips as much as the changing ground beneath our feet, or the laws that govern their movement.
21世紀的人群行為受到我們指尖的新設備的影響，就像我們腳下不斷變化的土地或控制它們移動的法則一樣。
In his prescient 2002 book Smart Mobs, the critic Harold Rheingold identified new types of crowds that were able to act in concert even before they had met.
評論家哈羅德·萊茵戈爾德在他2002年出版的有先見之明的《聰明的暴民》一書中，指出了一種新型人群，他們甚至在見面之前就能聯合起來。
He predicted a "social tsunami" to come from the next wave of mobile telecoms,
羅德預測，在下一波移動電信浪潮出現時，“社會海嘯”就會出現，
pointing to the mass SMS chains in Manila that were used to coordinate the protests that overthrew the Philippine president Joseph Estrada in 2001.
他指的是馬尼拉的大量短信鏈，這些短信被用來配合2001年推翻菲律賓總統埃斯特拉達的抗議活動。
