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The current amputation paradigm breaks these dynamic muscle relationships,
目前的截肢范式打破了這些動態肌肉間的關系，
and in so doing eliminates normal proprioceptive sensations.
這樣做也消除了正常的本體感知能力。
Consequently, a standard artificial limb cannot feed back information into the nervous system about where the prosthesis is in space.
因此,，一個標準的假肢無法將假肢在空間中的位置信息反饋回神經系統中。
The patient therefore cannot sense and feel the positions and movements of the prosthetic joint without seeing it with their eyes.
病人因而也無法感知和感受到假肢連接處的位置和動作，除非自己親眼看到。
My legs were amputated using this Civil War-era methodology.
我的腿就是用這個內戰時期的方法截肢的。
I can feel my feet, I can feel them right now as a phantom awareness.
我能感覺到我的雙腳，現在就能感覺到它們的存在，僅僅作為一種幻影意識。
But when I try to move them, I cannot.
但是，當試圖移動它們時，我卻做不到。
It feels like they're stuck inside rigid ski boots.
感覺它們像被卡在堅硬的溜冰鞋里一樣。
To solve these problems, at MIT, we invented the agonist-antagonist myoneural interface, or AMI, for short.
在麻省理工學院，為了解決這些問題，我們發明了主動肌和對抗肌肌神經的接口，縮寫為AMI。
The AMI is a method to connect nerves within the residuum to an external, bionic prosthesis.
AMI是一種將殘肢中的神經連接到外部仿生假肢的方法。
How is the AMI designed, and how does it work?
AMI是如何設計的，又是如何工作的呢？
The AMI comprises two muscles that are surgically connected, an agonist linked to an antagonist.
AMI包括兩塊通過手術連接的肌肉：主動肌和與之連接的對抗肌。
When the agonist contracts upon electrical activation, it stretches the antagonist.
當主動肌在電激信號作用下收縮時，它會伸展對抗肌。
This muscle dynamic interaction causes biological sensors within the muscle tendon to send information
這種肌肉的動態交互作用，導致肌肉肌腱內的生物傳感器，
through the nerve to the central nervous system, relating information on the muscle tendon's length, speed and force.
通過神經向中樞神經系統發送有關肌肉肌腱長度、速度和力量的信息。
This is how muscle tendon proprioception works,
這就是肌肉肌腱本體的工作原理，
and it's the primary way we, as humans, can feel and sense the positions, movements and forces on our limbs.
它也是我們作為人類感覺和感知四肢位置、運動和力量的主要途徑。
