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1925: The Scopes Trial Chastens Fundamentalists
1925年：懲戒基要派的“斯科普斯審判”
When populist politician William Jennings Bryan faced off against attorney Clarence Darrow,
民粹主義政治家威廉·詹寧斯·布萊恩與律師克拉倫斯·達(dá)羅正面對峙時(shí)，
it was the highlight of the Scopes trial—a case about teaching evolution in Tennessee that had captured national attention—
斯科普斯審判——田納西州進(jìn)化論教學(xué)引發(fā)的一場引起了全國轟動(dòng)的案例——進(jìn)入了最為激烈的階段，
and the capstone of the fundamentalist-modernist controversy in the Protestant churches.
新教教會(huì)里上演的基要派與自由派的爭論也達(dá)到了高潮。
Darrow grilled Bryan on his interpretation of well-known Bible stories.
達(dá)羅開始盤問布萊恩對圣經(jīng)里那些膾炙人口的故事的理解。
Did he really believe that the whale swallowed Jonah,
他是否真的相信鯨魚吞了約拿，
that Joshua made the sun stand still and that Adam and Eve were the First people?
相信是約書亞讓太陽靜止不動(dòng)的，以及相信亞當(dāng)和夏娃是最早的人類。
Bryan answered yes, but Darrow made him admit he didn’t know how these things happened and didn’t know any geology or ancient history.
布萊恩回答說相信，但達(dá)羅還是令他承認(rèn)了他并不知道那些事情是怎么發(fā)生的，也承認(rèn)了他對地質(zhì)學(xué)或古代史沒有任何了解。
The bigcity journalists reported that Darrow had revealed Bryan’s ignorance and the absurdity of his biblical literalism.
大城市的記者們報(bào)道說，達(dá)羅揭露了布萊恩的無知和他對圣經(jīng)的字面理解的荒謬。
The Great Commoner died five days later, as if the defeat had killed him.
這位“偉大的平民”五天后便已撒手人寰，仿佛是辯論失敗要了他的命。
The fundamentalists retreated from battle, dismissed by the rest of society,
被社會(huì)各界否認(rèn)的基要派撤出了正面戰(zhàn)場，
but they flourished under the radar of the press, planting churches from California to Virginia.
避開媒體的視線，在加州到弗吉尼亞州遍地開花，植堂事業(yè)發(fā)展得十分興旺。
In 1979, Jerry Falwell surprised everyone by launching a powerful political movement of fundamentalists and other conservative evangelicals.
1979年，杰里·福爾韋爾發(fā)動(dòng)了基要派等保守主義福音派教徒組成的一場勢力龐大的政治運(yùn)動(dòng)，一舉震驚了所有人。
Thirty-seven years later, with white evangelical voters making up more than a quarter of the electorate,
37年后，福音派白人選民占據(jù)了全體選民四分之一以上的份額，
the Christian right helped elect Donald Trump.
唐納德·特朗普的當(dāng)選離不開這些基督教右派（保守派）的功勞。
And that was by FRANCES FITZGERALD.
本文作者弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德。
FitzGerald is the 2017 winner of the National Book Critics Circle award for nonfiction for The Evangelicals.
菲茨杰拉德憑借《福音派》一書獲得了2017年美國國家書評(píng)獎(jiǎng)非小說類作品獎(jiǎng)。
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