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And the fear that robots are taking jobs, and that automation will lead to mass unemployment, has grabbed the popular imagination.
機(jī)器人會(huì)搶走人類的工作，自動(dòng)化將帶來大規(guī)模失業(yè)這種擔(dān)憂吸引了大眾的注意力。
Magazine covers warn of a robot apocalypse.
雜志封面警告稱，機(jī)器人末日即將到來。
Andrew Yang, a former tech entrepreneur, is running for president
前科技企業(yè)家楊念祖也將提供全民（基本）收入，
partly on a platform of offering a universal income to offset jobs lost to automation.
彌補(bǔ)自動(dòng)化造成的失業(yè)問題納入了自己的總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選綱領(lǐng)。
The McKinsey Global Institute predicts that up to one-third of the American work force
據(jù)麥肯錫全球研究所估計(jì)，到2030年，三分之一的美國人
will have to switch to new occupations by 2030.
都不得不另謀職業(yè)。
The prevailing view among economists and technologists is that for the next few years,
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和技術(shù)專家們普遍認(rèn)為，未來幾年，
digital technology, from clever software to warehouse robots, will mainly change jobs rather than destroy them.
數(shù)字技術(shù)，從智能軟件到倉庫機(jī)器人的一切數(shù)字技術(shù)，的主要作用仍然是改變而非吞噬人類的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
Tasks become automated, so people spend less time on routine work.
實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化作業(yè)以后，人們就不用花那么多時(shí)間在常規(guī)操作上了。
So far, there is little evidence of widespread displacement.
但至今鮮有證據(jù)表明自動(dòng)化造成了廣泛的機(jī)器取代人工的問題。
Amazon and other companies have hired hundreds of thousands of workers for their warehouses.
亞馬遜等企業(yè)雇傭了數(shù)十萬的倉庫員工。
Manufacturers have added jobs after decades of cuts.
幾十年下來，一直在裁員的制造業(yè)反而創(chuàng)造了更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
The unemployment rate is near a 50-year low, and companies are digging deep into the labor market to find workers —
失業(yè)率也已經(jīng)跌到了50年來的最低水平，企業(yè)為了雇傭到員工不得不深入勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)挖掘——
easing education requirements, waiving drug tests and hiring people with criminal records.
他們不僅放寬了教育要求，免除了毒品測(cè)試，還會(huì)雇傭有過犯罪記錄的人。
Many economists fret that there has not been enough automation.
然而，也有許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家擔(dān)心目前的自動(dòng)化水平并不夠高。
Productivity — the amount of value that employees create, on average, in an hour of work — has been rising slowly.
生產(chǎn)率——員工平均每小時(shí)創(chuàng)造的價(jià)值——一直在緩慢提高。
That has helped drag down both economic growth and wages.
但生產(chǎn)率的提高會(huì)拉低經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和工資水平。
When workers aren’t more productive, it is harder for companies to pay them more.
因?yàn)閱T工工作效率沒有提高，公司就很難給他們加薪。
Amazon’s announcement on Thursday could be a sign that the strong labor market
亞馬遜周四的聲明或許暗示了強(qiáng)勁的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)
is finally pushing companies to make investments in both workers and technology to increase productivity.
終于推動(dòng)企業(yè)人力投資和技術(shù)投資兩手抓，藉此提高企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率。
Big companies, including Walmart and AT&T, have announced their own training program(s) in recent years.
近年來，沃爾瑪和AT&T等大企業(yè)紛紛宣布了自己的培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃。
Companies are also raising wages — last year, Amazon committed to paying a minimum wage of $15 per hour —
各大企業(yè)還紛紛上漲了員工的工資——去年，亞馬遜就承諾將最低時(shí)薪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到15美元——
giving them more of an incentive to ensure that those workers are productive.
這樣一來，他們就更有動(dòng)力確保這些員工輸出較高的工作效率。
J. W. Mason, a fellow at the Roosevelt Institute, a progressive think tank, said
進(jìn)步智庫羅斯福研究所的J·W·梅森說道：
"A tight labor market really enables workers to be able to demand more,
“勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)緊俏確實(shí)有助于工人們提高自己的身價(jià)，
When they have to pay higher wages, when they have to struggle to find workers,
企業(yè)不得不支付更高的工資，不得不努力尋找員工的時(shí)候，
then they take the steps they need to make sure those workers are worth the money.”
他們就會(huì)采取措施，確保那些員工的工作成果與那些工資相匹配。”
Ardine Williams, Amazon’s vice president of people operations,
亞馬遜人力運(yùn)營副總裁阿迪娜·威廉姆斯稱，
said the company had more than 20,000 open positions in the United States.
該公司在美國有超過2萬個(gè)空缺職位。
In November, Amazon selected Northern Virginia as the site of a second headquarters,
去年11月，亞馬遜選中了弗吉尼亞州北部作為自己的第二個(gè)總部所在地，
after company executives said they needed to look beyond Seattle, its longtime home, to fill its need for talent.
因?yàn)樵摴镜母邔颖硎荆獫M足該公司的人才需求，他們就需要將目光放到公司一直以來的大本營——西雅圖以外的地方。
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