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Well, let's go back to this picture. There's one challenge symbolized at the top, but there's another challenge to science symbolized at the bottom.
好吧，讓我們回到這張圖片。在其上部有一個符號化了的科學挑戰(zhàn)。而在其下部同樣有一個符號化了的科學挑戰(zhàn)。
You want to not only synthesize the very large and the very small, but we want to understand the very complex.
除了用理論來一統(tǒng)極大和極小兩個世界，我們還要理解其中的復(fù)雜性。
And the most complex things are ourselves, midway between atoms and stars. We depend on stars to make the atoms we're made of.
而宇宙中最復(fù)雜的東西就是我們自己，我們處于原子和恒星之間。我們依賴恒星制造組成我們身體的各類原子。
We depend on chemistry to determine our complex structure. We clearly have to be large, compared to atoms, to have layer upon layer of complex structure.
我們依賴化學反應(yīng)來決定我們的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。相對于原子來說，我們是龐大的，具有多層的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)；
We clearly have to be small, compared to stars and planets -- otherwise we'd be crushed by gravity.
相對于恒星和行星來說，我們又是微小的，否則會被引力壓垮。
And in fact, we are midway. It would take as many human bodies to make up the sun as there are atoms in each of us.
事實上，我們處于中間。要用每個人體內(nèi)的原子數(shù)目那么多的人數(shù)加在一起才能達到太陽的質(zhì)量級。
The geometric mean of the mass of a proton and the mass of the sun is 50 kilograms, within a factor of two of the mass of each person here.
太陽質(zhì)量和質(zhì)子質(zhì)量的幾何平均數(shù)是50千克，和在座的每個人的體重是一個數(shù)量級。
Well, most of you anyway. The science of complexity is probably the greatest challenge of all, greater than that of the very small on the left and the very large on the right.
當然，至少是大多數(shù)人。對人的復(fù)雜性的科學研究可能是最具挑戰(zhàn)的，比圖左邊的微觀世界和圖右邊的宏觀世界都更具挑戰(zhàn)性。
And it's this science, which is not only enlightening our understanding of the biological world, but also transforming our world faster than ever.
正是這樣的科學研究，不僅在啟迪我們對生物世界不斷加深了解，而且也在更加快速地轉(zhuǎn)變著我們的世界。
And more than that, it's engendering new kinds of change.
以至于還產(chǎn)生了全新的改變。
And I now move on to the second part of my talk, and the book "Our Final Century" was mentioned.
現(xiàn)在我將進入我演講的第二部分，前面有人已提到了“我們最后的世紀”這本拙作。
If I was not a self-effacing Brit, I would mention the book myself, and I would add that it's available in paperback.
如果我不是一個謙遜的英國人的話，我會自己提到這本書，而且還會告訴大家它有平裝版。
And in America it was called "Our Final Hour" because Americans like instant gratification.
在美國這本書被稱作“我們最后的一小時” 因為美國人更注重及時行樂。
But my theme is that in this century, not only has science changed the world faster than ever, but in new and different ways.
我的主旨是在最近這個世紀里，科學不僅比以往更快地改變著世界，而且以新的與以往不同的方式。
Targeted drugs, genetic modification, artificial intelligence, perhaps even implants into our brains, may change human beings themselves.
定向藥物，基因改良，人工智能，甚至大腦植入等等新科技將改變?nèi)祟愖陨淼臉幼印?/div>
And human beings, their physique and character, has not changed for thousands of years. It may change this century.
而人類的體型和性格等物理特質(zhì)近千年來都保持著不變。
It's new in our history. And the human impact on the global environment -- greenhouse warming, mass extinctions and so forth -- is unprecedented, too.
在本世紀中改變即將來臨。這將是歷史的新的一頁。同時人類給全球環(huán)境帶來的沖擊-溫室效應(yīng)，大規(guī)模殺傷武器等等-也是史無前例的。
And so, this makes this coming century a challenge. Bio- and cybertechnologies are environmentally benign in that they offer marvelous prospects,
因此，新世紀將是人類面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。生物和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)為更好的改變環(huán)境提供了美妙的前景，
while, nonetheless, reducing pressure on energy and resources.
得以減輕我們在能源方面的壓力。
But they will have a dark side. In our interconnected world, novel technology could empower just one fanatic,
但是它們也有其負面性。在如今相互連通的世界里，新奇的科技將使得一個狂熱分子，
or some weirdo with a mindset of those who now design computer viruses, to trigger some kind on disaster.
或者若干個精神狀態(tài)古怪的人能編制計算機病毒，造成某種程度上的災(zāi)難。
Indeed, catastrophe could arise simply from technical misadventure -- error rather than terror.
確實的是，僅僅是技術(shù)事故都將導(dǎo)致嚴重的災(zāi)難 - 災(zāi)難往往是無心而為的結(jié)果。
And even a tiny probability of catastrophe is unacceptable when the downside could be of global consequence.
而當后果可能是全球性的災(zāi)難時，哪怕是非常小的概率也是無法被接受的。
