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Colombia Orders Army to Step Up Combat Killings
哥倫比亞命令軍隊加大打擊力度
By Nicholas Casey
文/尼古拉斯·凱西
The head of Colombia’s army, frustrated by the nation’s faltering efforts to secure peace,
哥倫比亞軍隊首領不滿于該國保衛和平的努力總是跌跌撞撞，鮮有成效，
has ordered his troops to double the number of criminals and militants they kill, capture or force to surrender in battle —
便下令他的軍隊在戰斗中加倍殺害、俘虜及強迫罪犯和武裝分子投降——
and possibly accept higher civilian casualties in the process,
在此過程中可能還要接受平民傷亡的加重，
according to written orders and interviews with senior officers.
相關的書面命令和對高級官員的采訪顯示。
At the start of the year, Colombian generals and colonels were assembled and told to sign a written pledge to step up attacks.
今年年初，哥倫比亞的諸位將軍和上校曾被召集到一起，簽署一份加大打擊力度的書面承諾。
Daily internal presentations now show the number of days that brigades have gone without combat,
每天的內部報告顯示出了軍隊沒有參加戰斗的天數，
and commanders are berated when they don’t carry out assaults frequently enough, the officers said.
軍官們說，如果指揮官們發動襲擊不夠頻繁就會受到斥責。
One order causing particular worry instructs soldiers not to “demand perfection” in carrying out deadly attacks,
其中有一項命令格外令人不安，該命令指出，哪怕是關于打擊目標仍有重大問題沒有解決，
even if significant questions remain about the targets they are striking.
士兵在實施致命襲擊時也不要“苛求完美”。
Some officers say that order has instructed them to lower their standards for protecting innocent civilians from getting killed,
一些官員表示，該命令是要他們在保護無辜平民免遭殺害方面降低標準，
and that it has already led to suspicious or unnecessary deaths.
他們還說，該命令已經引發了大量可疑或不必要的死亡人數。
The military tried a similar strategy to defeat Colombia’s rebel and paramilitary groups in the mid-2000s,
2005年前后，在達成一項里程碑式的和平協議，結束數十年的沖突之前，
before a landmark peace deal was signed to end decades of conflict.
哥倫比亞軍方就試圖用類似的戰略擊破哥倫比亞的叛軍和準軍事組織。
But the tactics caused a national outrage when it emerged that soldiers,
但當人們發現那些士兵為了達到配額大肆殺害平民或把平民弄失蹤后，
aiming to meet their quotas, engaged in widespread killings and disappearances of civilians.
舉國都對這一戰術感到憤怒不已。
Now, another incarnation of the policy is being pushed by the new government
如今的哥倫比亞新政府無非是在變著法子推行這項政策，
against the country’s remaining criminal, guerrilla and paramilitary groups,
以打擊該國殘余的罪犯、游擊隊和準軍事組織，
according to orders reviewed by The New York Times and three senior officers who spoke about them.
據《紐約時報》查閱的相關命令的資料和三名談及那些命令的高級官員透露。
The new orders have sent a chill down the ranks of the army.
新命令讓軍隊上下的官兵都為之感到不寒而栗。
Colombia’s military remains under investigation for the series of illegal killings in the mid-2000s, known as “false positives.”
目前，哥倫比亞軍方仍在就2005年前后發生的一系列被稱為“偽造行動”丑聞的非法殺人事件接受調查。
Soldiers repeatedly killed peasants and claimed they were guerrilla fighters,
在那些事件中，士兵們不斷以被殺農民是游擊隊員的名目殺害他們，
sometimes even dressing them in fatigues and planting weapons near their bodies.
有時甚至還會給他們穿上游擊隊的衣服，在他們的尸體旁邊放上武器。
The tactics stemmed from superiors demanding increased body counts, prosecutors say.
檢察官說，他們采取這種策略是因為上級要求他們增加死亡人數。
Two of the officers said in lengthy interviews that Colombian soldiers were under intense pressure yet again —
多次接受長時間采訪的兩名軍官在采訪時說到，如今，哥倫比亞士兵再次陷入了巨大的壓力——
and that a pattern of suspicious killings and cover-ups had begun to emerge this year.
而且，可疑的謀殺和掩蓋行為已經再次抬頭。
In a meeting recounted by one of the officers,
一名軍官講述道，有一次會上，
a general ordered commanders to “do anything” to boost their results,
某將軍命令指揮官們要“不擇手段”提高成果，
even if it meant “allying ourselves” with armed criminal groups to get information on targets, a divide-and-conquer strategy.
即使要與武裝犯罪集團“結盟”——一種分而治之的策略——以獲取目標信息也在所不惜。
Beyond that, officers said, soldiers who increase their combat kills are being offered incentives, like extra vacation,
除此之外，官員們說，提高了自己在戰斗中殺死的人數的士兵還會得到獎勵，比如額外的假期，
in a pattern they fear is strikingly similar to the unlawful killings of the mid-2000s.
這一模式與2005年前后的非法殺戮驚人地相似，官員們對此紛紛感到憂心忡忡。
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