評論
打印
Women and economics
女性和經(jīng)濟
Market power
市場支配力
How the economics profession should fix its gender problem
經(jīng)濟學(xué)專業(yè)應(yīng)如何解決性別問題
At the heart of economics is a belief in the virtues of open competition as a way of using the resources you have in the most efficient way you can. Thanks to the power of that insight, economists routinely tell politicians how to run public policy and business people how to run their firms. Yet when it comes to its own house, academic economics could do more to observe the standards it applies to the rest of the world. In particular, it recruits too few women. Also, many of those who do work in the profession say they are treated unfairly and that their talents are not fully realised. As a result, economics has fewer good ideas than it should and suffers from a skewed viewpoint. It is time for the dismal science to improve its dismal record on gender.
經(jīng)濟學(xué)的核心是相信公開競爭的好處，即以最有效的方式利用所擁有的資源。由于這種洞察力的力量，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家經(jīng)常告訴政客們?nèi)绾喂芾砉舱撸虡I(yè)人士如何管理其公司。然而，就其自身而言，學(xué)術(shù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)可以做得更多，以遵守其適用于世界其它地區(qū)的標準。其結(jié)果是，經(jīng)濟學(xué)提供的好點子比本應(yīng)提供的少，而且受到一種扭曲的觀點的困擾。這門沉悶的科學(xué)是時候改善它在性別方面的沉悶記錄了。
For decades relatively few women have participated in stem subjects: science, technology, engineering and maths. Economics belongs in this list. In the United States women make up only one in seven full professors and one in three doctoral candidates. There has been too little improvement in the past 20 years. And a survey by the American Economics Association (AEA) this week shows that many women who do become academic economists are treated badly.
幾十年來，參與主要學(xué)科的女性相對較少，這些學(xué)科主要包括：科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)。經(jīng)濟學(xué)也位列其中。在美國，全職教授只有七分之一是女性，博士研究生只有三分之一是女性。過去二十年也鮮有提升。美國經(jīng)濟協(xié)會（AEA）本周的一項調(diào)查顯示，許多成為學(xué)院派女性經(jīng)濟學(xué)家受到惡劣的對待。
Only 20% of women who answered the AEA poll said that they are satisfied with the professional climate, compared with 40% of men. Some 48% of females said they have faced discrimination at work because of their sex, compared with 3% of male respondents. Writing about the survey results, Janet Yellen and Ben Bernanke, both former chairs of the Federal Reserve, and Olivier Blanchard, a former chief economist of the IMF, said that “many members of the profession have suffered harassment and discrimination during their careers, including both overt acts of abuse and more subtle forms of marginalisation.”
在接受AEA調(diào)查的女性中，只有20%的人表示對目前的職業(yè)環(huán)境感到滿意，而男性的這一比例為40%。約48%的女性表示，她們在工作中曾因性別而受到歧視，而男性受訪者中這一比例僅為3%。美聯(lián)儲前主席珍妮特•耶倫和本•伯南克，以及國際貨幣基金組織前首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家奧利維爾•布蘭查德撰寫了有關(guān)調(diào)查結(jié)果的文章，“很多女性經(jīng)濟學(xué)家在其職業(yè)生涯中遭受騷擾和歧視，包括公開的虐待行為和更微妙的邊緣化形式。”
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