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The new scramble for Africa
非洲新?lián)寠Z戰(zhàn)
This time, the winners could be Africans themselves
這一次，贏家可能是非洲人
The first great surge of foreign interest in Africa, dubbed the “scramble”, was when 19th-century European colonists carved up the continent and seized Africans’ land. The second was during the cold war, when East and West vied for the allegiance of newly independent African states; the Soviet Union backed Marxist tyrants while America propped up despots who claimed to believe in capitalism. A third surge, now under way, is more benign. Outsiders have noticed that the continent is important and becoming more so, not least because of its growing share of the global population (by 2025 the UN predicts that there will be more Africans than Chinese people). Governments and businesses from all around the world are rushing to strengthen diplomatic, strategic and commercial ties. This creates vast opportunities. If Africa handles the new scramble wisely, the main winners will be Africans themselves.
19世紀(jì)，歐洲殖民者瓜分非洲大陸，奪取了非洲人的土地，這是第一次外國對(duì)非洲興趣激增，被稱為“搶奪”。第二次發(fā)生在冷戰(zhàn)期間，東西方搶奪新獨(dú)立的非洲國家的支持；蘇聯(lián)支持信奉馬克思主義的暴君，美國扶持自稱信奉資本主義的專制者。而目前正在進(jìn)行的第三次爭奪，相比之前更為溫和。外界已經(jīng)注意到，非洲大陸很重要，而且越來越重要，尤其是因?yàn)榉侵拊谌蛉丝谥兴嫉谋壤絹碓酱螅ǜ鶕?jù)聯(lián)合國預(yù)測，到2025年，非洲人口將超過中國人口）。世界各國政府和企業(yè)都急于加強(qiáng)和非洲的外交、戰(zhàn)略和商業(yè)紐帶。這創(chuàng)造了巨大的機(jī)遇。如果非洲巧妙地處理好這場新的爭奪，那么最大的贏家將是非洲人自己。
The extent of foreign engagement is unprecedented. Start with diplomacy. From 2010 to 2016 more than 320 embassies were opened in Africa, probably the biggest embassy building boom anywhere, ever. Turkey alone opened 26. Last year India announced it would open 18. Military ties are deepening, too. America and France are lending muscle and technology to the struggle against jihadism in the Sahel. China is now the biggest arms seller to sub-Saharan Africa and has defence-technology ties with 45 countries. Russia has signed 19 military deals with African states since 2014. Oil-rich Arab states are building bases on the Horn of Africa and hiring African mercenaries.
外國在非洲的參與程度前所未有。從外交開始。從2010年到2016年，各國在非洲開設(shè)了320多個(gè)大使館，這可能是史上最大的大使館建設(shè)潮。僅土耳其一國就開設(shè)26個(gè)大使館。去年，印度宣布將開設(shè)18個(gè)。軍事關(guān)系也在不斷深化。美國和法國正在為薩赫勒地區(qū)打擊圣戰(zhàn)主義的斗爭提供力量和技術(shù)。中國現(xiàn)在是撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)最大的武器出口國，與45個(gè)國家建立了防務(wù)技術(shù)關(guān)系。自2014年以來，俄羅斯與非洲國家簽署了19項(xiàng)軍事協(xié)議。石油資源豐富的阿拉伯國家正在非洲之角建立基地，雇傭非洲雇傭兵。
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