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Sometimes you know exactly what you need to do, and you don't need to think about it.
有時候你不需要去想就清楚你要做什么。
Like, maybe you've heard the urban legend of a firefighter putting out a fire in a kitchen with his crew.
比如，你可能聽說過一個傳聞，一名消防隊員和他的隊員在廚房滅火。
Suddenly, he got the sense that they all needed to evacuate.
突然，消防隊員意識到他們都需要撤離。
Right after getting out, the kitchen floor collapsed, because the fire was actually coming from the basement underneath the kitchen.
剛一出來，廚房的地板就塌了，因為火實際上是從廚房下面的地下室里冒出來的。
Without the firefighter's instinct, his crew could have easily died.
如果沒有消防隊員的本能，他的組員很容易就會喪命。
Stories like this celebrate gut decisions: someone deciding quickly and confidently without knowing exactly why.
這樣的故事講的是直覺決策：某人在不知道確切原因的情況下迅速而自信地做出的決定。
They're often based on what psychologists call your intuition, and they're not always reliable.
這些決策通常是基于心理學家所說的直覺，直覺并不總是可靠的。
But after decades of research, scientists can point to times where you might want to listen to them.
但經過幾十年的研究，你可能會想聽聽他們的見解。
Many researchers who study gut intuition think of your decisions as the result of two ways of thinking, which they call System 1 and System 2.
許多研究直覺的人員認為，決定的產生是兩種思維方式的結果，他們稱之為系統1和系統2。
Apparently, they weren't feeling too creative that day.
那天他們感覺不出太多的創造性。
These systems aren't biological things you might find in the brain, but they are a useful model for how people make choices.
這些系統不是大腦里的生物系統，而是供人們如何做出選擇的有用模型。
System 1 is what you might think of as your gut intuition.
系統1是你的本能直覺。
It's the part of your mind that runs automatically and gives you default responses to choices, usually based on association or recognition memory.
它在人腦中自動運行，面對選擇時給你默認反應，這種反應通?；诼撓牖蜃R別記憶。
For example, if you see someone walking a dog that looks like yours, your first reaction might be to go pet it.
例如，如果你看到有人遛的狗和你的狗很像，你的第一反應可能是去撫摸它。
Because that's just what you do with cute, floppy-eared pups.
因為這就是你對耷拉著耳朵的可愛狗狗們做的事。
System 2 checks your gut intuition, and it usually takes some conscious effort.
系統2核實你的本能直覺，這通常需要一些意識上的努力。
It's the system that says, "Hold up. You've never met this dog before, so let's take a moment to think about how this could go wrong. Like, maybe it might bite you."
系統2會說，“等一下，你之前從未見過這只狗，所以花時間想想怎么可能是你的狗，也許它會咬你?！?/div>
In a lot of cases — like voting, or picking a college — System 2 can help you get your best answer,
在很多情況下，比如投票，或者選擇大學，系統2可以幫助你得到最好的答案，
but that doesn't mean you should always ignore your gut.
但這并不意味著你要忽略你的直覺。
For example, if you're an expert in something — say, chess — your intuition for that activity is probably more accurate and worth listening to.
例如，如果你是某方面比如國際象棋專家，那么你對象棋的直覺可能更準確也更值得一聽。
You've spent a long time practicing, so you've basically built up a huge library of memories for your intuition to draw on.
你花了很長時間練習，所以基本上你已經建立了一個龐大的記憶庫，供你的直覺使用。
That means you could make faster, still-accurate decisions without thinking through all the logical possibilities.
這意味著你可以在不考慮所有邏輯的情況下做出更快，并且依然準確的決定。
Then again, not all experience leads to this kind of expert intuition.
然而，并不是所有的經驗都會出現這種專家直覺。
Psychologists think you need an environment with some kind of regularity that you can learn through practice and feedback.
心理學家認為，你需要一個有規律的環境，通過練習和反饋來學習。
It doesn't have to be completely predictable, but the uncertainty needs to follow patterns, like in chess or poker.
它不必是完全可預測的，但其不確定性需要遵循模式，就像下棋或撲克一樣。
This is why firefighters and clinical nurses often have more accurate gut feelings, while stock market enthusiasts don't.
這就是為什么消防員和臨床護士往往有更準確的直覺，而股市狂熱者卻沒有。
Even if these people have a lot of experience, the stock market is just too complex, and the feedback is too vague to really train their intuition.
即使股市狂熱者有很多經驗，股票市場也太復雜了，反饋也太模糊，無法真正訓練他們的直覺。
Another situation where you might want to go with your gut is maybe more surprising.
另一種情況，即遵從自己的直覺可能更加出人意料。
According to some research, if a decision only matters to you, going with your gut might also make you more satisfied with your result.
根據一些研究，如果一個決定只對你重要，那么你的直覺可能會讓你對結果更滿意。
In a 2018 study in the journal Emotion, 90 people were asked to decide between two DVD players.
2018年發表在《情感》雜志上的一項研究中，90人被要求在兩臺DVD播放器中做出選擇。
They were told to either make a rational analysis, or go with a gut feeling.
他們被告知要么進行理性分析，要么憑直覺行事。
And those who did the latter said they thought the choice reflected their true, inner self more.
那些憑直覺行事的人表示，自己的選擇更多地反映了真實、內在的自我。
Follow-up studies showed the same effect, and also found that going with their guts made people more certain,
后續研究也顯示了同樣的效果，而且還發現跟從自己的直覺會讓人更加篤定，
and more likely to share their choice with their friends.
更有可能與朋友分享他們的選擇。
This effect has been shown in other papers, too.
其他論文也顯示了這種效應。
So if you want to be happier about a decision, or pick something that feels more genuine, maybe trusting your intuition is a decent idea.
所以，如果你想為自己的決定感到更加開心，或者做出一些更真實的選擇，也許相信你的直覺是個不錯的主意。
Now, you might be thinking, "But Brit! I make all of my decisions with pure logic, so I don't need to trust my gut."
現在，你可能會想，“但是！我做的所有決定都合乎純邏輯，所以我不需要相信自己的直覺。”
Well, the truth is, you might be missing out on a helpful resource in general — not just in these specific kinds of situations.
事實上，通常你可能會錯過一些有用的資源——不僅僅是在這些特定的情況下。
In a 2004 Brain Cognition study, researchers demonstrated this by having 43 people train their gut responses in a simple card game.
在2004年的腦認知研究中，研究人員讓43個人玩一個簡單的紙牌游戲，訓練他們的直覺反應，結果證明了這一點。
Players had to keep drawing from four decks. Some were bad decks that looked good.
玩家必須從四副牌中抽牌，有些牌看起來不錯。
In other words, if you kept drawing from them, they would give consistent payouts,
換句話說，如果你一直想抽牌的話，它們會給你穩定的回報，
but would have an occasional huge loss that more than wiped out the wins.
但偶爾也會有巨大的損失，這些損失比盈利還要大。
Other decks were good, but looked bad. The regular payouts were smaller, but the losses weren't as devastating.
其他的牌是好牌，但看起來很差。定期支付的金額較小，但損失沒有那么大。
Most people would take 40 to 50 draws to figure out what was going on and switch to drawing from the good decks.
大多數人會抽40到50張牌來弄清楚到底是什么情況，然后轉抽好牌。
But before then, their stress response would kick in for the bad decks.
但在這之前，在抽不好的牌時，他們會出現壓力反應。
An electrode on their hand measured that they were sweating more on average before drawing from bad decks, even before they could figure out that they were bad.
他們手上的電極顯示，在抽壞牌，甚至在他們意識到是壞牌之前，他們平均出汗更多。
So even though their logical mind hadn't caught up yet, some part of their brain was making the association.
所以，即使他們的邏輯思維沒有跟上，他們大腦的某些部分已經在形成這種聯系。
It turns out this is a really useful skill, too.
事實證明，這也是一項非常有用的技能。
The same card game was given to people who had damage in a part of their brain called the orbitofrontal cortex.
同樣的紙牌游戲也適用于大腦中眼窩前額皮質受損的人。
It's at the very front of your brain right above your eyes, and is associated with integrating emotions into your plans and choices.
眼窩前額皮質就在眼睛上方的大腦最前方，它關乎著計劃和選擇過程中情緒的融入。
This group never showed a stress response before seeing the card, and would keep picking from the bad decks.
這組人在看到牌之前從未表現出壓力反應，他們會繼續從壞牌中挑選。
Sometimes, they could even report which decks were which, but still went with the bad ones.
有時，他們甚至可以說出哪一副牌是哪，但還是會選擇壞牌。
Even beyond card games, this loss of gut feeling can be pretty impairing.
甚至跳脫出紙牌游戲，失去這種直覺會產生壞的結果。
These kind of patients usually do well on things like intelligence tests,
這類患者通常在智力測試等方面做得很好，
but without gut feeling, they often make less-than-ideal choices in their daily lives.
但是如果沒有直覺，他們經常會在日常生活中做出不太理想的選擇。
There are definitely situations where it makes sense to get logic involved,
在某些情況下，邏輯是有意義的，
but overall, it's often not a bad idea to listen to your gut feelings throughout the day.
但是總的來說，全天聽從你的直覺并不是一個壞主意。
That's especially true if you're an expert or looking for a little extra satisfaction.
如果你是一個專家或者想要一點額外的滿足感，這一點尤其重要。
And if a firefighter suddenly tells you to leave a building, it's probably a good idea to trust their intuition, too.
如果一個消防隊員突然告訴你要離開大樓，相信他們的直覺可能也是一個好主意。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych!
感謝收看本期心理科學秀！
If you'd like to be among the first to see videos like this,
如果你想成為第一批看到這類視頻的人，
or you want to keep learning about the things that make people tick,
或者你想繼續學習那些讓人興奮的事情，
you can go to youtube.com/scishowpsych and subscribe.
你可以登陸youtube.com/scishowpsych訂閱我們的節目。
