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My lab got our first indication of this when actually we were studying non-human primates.
我的實驗室在研究非人類--靈長類動物時，第一次發現了這個征兆。
We wanted to find out what happens to a monkey's microbiome when they move from the jungle to a zoo.
我們想了解當猴子由叢林搬到動物園后，它們體內的微生物群會發生什么變化。
Does their microbiome change? Do they pick up new bugs?
它們體內的微生物群改變了嗎？是否增加了新微生物？
Do they lose some? Does it get better or worse?
失去一些微生物嗎？微生物群是在變好，還是變糟呢？
We tracked two different species in the jungle, one in Vietnam, one in Costa Rica, and then we sequenced the DNA from their stool.
我們分別對叢林中（生活的）兩個不同物種進行了追蹤研究，一個物種在越南，一個在哥斯達黎加，我們用它們的糞便進行了DNA測序。
This is how we study the microbiome in my research lab.
這就是我們實驗室對微生物進行研究的方法。
And what we found in the DNA is that in the wild, these two species had totally different sets of microbes.
通過DNA比對，我們發現野外的這兩個物種體內，微生物群截然不同。
It was like a fingerprint for the species.
微生物群就像物種的指紋一樣。
But in the zoo, they had lost most of that diversity and had acquired some other set of microbes.
但在動物園里，它們的微生物群卻失去了大部分的多樣性，并獲得了一些其它的微生物。
So this was very curious. We've got these two different microbiomes.
這種現象非常奇怪。我們有兩個不同的微生物群。
In the wild, picture a lush tropical rainforest living the guts of these monkeys.
野外動物體內的微生物群，它就像郁郁蔥蔥的熱帶雨林活在這些猴子的腸道內。
That's the kind of diversity that we're talking about.
也就是我們說的多樣性。
Then in the zoo, they've lost diversity.
然而在動物園里，微生物群卻失去了多樣性。
Picture a rainforest that's been burned to the ground and taken over by a few invasive species.
就好像一些入侵物種接管了燒光的雨林。
That's more like the microbiome in a captive primate.
因此它們更像圈養靈長類動物體內的微生物群。
Now, in the meantime, many of the animals in the zoo are not doing so well.
與此同時，在動物園里，許多動物身體狀況都不太好。
They have issues with obesity, wasting, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, bloating, and some of them were barely holding onto their lives.
它們有肥胖、消瘦、腸胃炎、腹瀉、腹脹等問題，有些動物幾乎活不下去了。
