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原味人文風情：So, you're going to the museum, and it's great.
你去參觀一座博物館，而且它超贊的。
The guards check your bag to make sure you won't, I don't know, shoot a painting.
守衛檢查你的包包以防你開槍射一幅畫之類的。
You go up some fancy escalators, you see naked statues, and then it happens. You see a super ugly medieval baby.
你搭著美美的電扶梯往上，見到光溜溜的雕像，然后重點來了。你看到一個丑不拉嘰的中世紀寶寶。
Why did medieval babies look like ugly middle-aged men?
為什么中世紀的寶寶看起來像丑丑的中年男人？
I mean this baby looks like he wants to tell you that a boat is just a money pit.
我是說這寶寶長得一副想告訴你‘養一艘船簡直貴死寶寶’的臉啊。
It might seem like medieval artists were just bad at drawing, but it turns out that babies in medieval art are actually ugly for a reason.
這么看來似乎中世紀的畫家不擅長繪畫，但其實中世紀藝術里的寶寶長得丑是有原因的。
While there were breakthroughs in anatomy and perspective that happened later in the Renaissance,
盡管之后的文藝復興時期在解剖學和透視法上有所突破，
ugly medieval babies were an intentional choice before that time.
但在那之前的中世紀寶寶們是故意被畫丑的。
If somebody told you to paint like Pablo Picasso, and you gave them Norman Rockwell, you'd have screwed up.
如果有人要你畫得像畢加索，結果你畫給他們洛科威爾，你就完了。
And it was the same way for medieval artists working in churches in Italy. It's because most of these babies were depictions of Jesus and Mary.
而當時在意大利教堂工作的藝術家們也是這樣。因為那時大多數的寶寶畫像都是在描繪耶穌跟瑪利亞。
They were influenced by the idea of the homunculus, which is Latin for "little man."
他們的外貌受到 homunculus 這個詞的影響，在拉丁文這個字的意思是“小矮人”。
These babies looked like Benjamin Button because philosophers believed Jesus was born perfectly formed and unchanged.
這些寶寶看起來像班杰明·巴頓是因為哲學家相信耶穌生來就已經發育完全并且外貌永不改變。
The adult Jesus was represented in the baby Jesus until the Renaissance, when everything changed.
成人耶穌的外貌呈現在寶寶耶穌的臉上，一直到了文藝復興時期，一切才有所改變。
Generally, we think of the Middle Ages as lasting from around the 5th to the 15th century,
一般而言，人們認定中世紀大約是從五世紀到十五世紀，
and it kind of overlapped the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century.
而它跟十四世紀興起的文藝復興算是有點重迭。
Renaissance probably began in Florence, Italy,
文藝復興大約是從意大利的佛羅倫薩開始的，
but it's important to note that it unfolded over centuries and countries in a time when everything moved slowly.
但更要注意的是，文藝復興隨歲月發展、廣布各國，這是發生在一切都慢慢來的年代。
So, it wasn't instant beautiful babies everywhere.
所以說，漂亮寶寶的畫像并非一瞬間就遍布各地。
Still, the change in style did happen, and it happened for a couple of reasons.
但畫風的改變確實發生了，而且有好些原因。
Suddenly, places like Florence were getting richer, and churches weren't the only places that could afford paintings.
很快地，佛羅倫薩等地變得越來越富足，教會也不再是唯一能負擔畫作費用的場所。
People could get their own babies painted, and they wanted them to look like cute, chubby babies, not homunculi.
人們可以讓自己的寶寶有畫像，而且他們想讓寶寶們看起來很可愛又胖嘟嘟的，而不是像小侏儒這樣。
And because the Renaissance was all about classics, they looked at Greek and Roman art,
也因為文藝復興注重古典，并向古希臘羅馬藝術看齊，而這種藝術著重理想的外型，
which was all about idealized forms that ditched the medieval abstraction for beauty and... Okay, who put that ugly baby there?
丟棄了中世紀對美的抽象理念還有...呃，誰把那丑寶寶放那兒的？
Anyway, the point is that after the Renaissance, cherubs didn't seem out of place,
總而言之，重點就是在文藝復興之后，小天使似乎還是挺受歡迎的，伴隨著文藝復興擴散至全歐洲，
and neither did cuter pictures of Baby Jesus as the Renaissance spread through Europe. And it's kinda stayed that way since.
更可愛的嬰兒耶穌畫像也流行起來。于是從那時開始一切就算是定型了。
We want babies who look like they need their cheeks pinched, not their prostates checked.
我們想要的是看起來臉頰很好捏的寶寶，而不是看起來該檢查一下前列腺的寶寶。
We want them chubby and cute, and we want babies that fit our ideals.
我們想要他們胖嘟嘟又可愛，我們也希望寶寶的長相符合我們的理想。
Because those medieval babies, they have a face that only a mother could love.
因為這些中世紀的寶寶啊，他們的模樣只有自己的媽才會愛。
