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Today was a day for sorting out the summit in Iceland.
今天，我們可以梳理一下冰島會晤的情況。
How did it happen that the two most powerful men of earth stepped to the threshold of a dramatic arms control accord and then stepped back?
兩個超級大國的領袖為何剛剛開始著手達成重大軍備控制協議，就又猶豫不前了呢？
The talks foundered on the President's Strategic Defense Initiative, or SDI.
會談因總統的《戰略防御計劃》而夭折。
While both sides seek reduction in the number of nuclear missiles and war heads threatening the world,
雖然為了避免威脅全球，雙方都希望減少核導彈和彈頭的數量，
the Soviet Union insisted that we sign an agreement that would deny to me and to future presidents for ten years the right to develop,
但蘇聯堅持認為，這份協議會讓自己和未來的領導人在10年的時間里都失去研制、
test, and deploy a defense against nuclear missiles for the people of the free world.
測試并部署針對核導彈防御的權利，美其名曰“為了世界人民的自由。
This we could not and will not do.
這一點，我們做不到，也不會做。
The President insisted, until the end, on retaining for the United States the right to test,
總統從始至終堅持認為，應該保留美國測試、實驗與《戰略防御計劃》有關內容的權利，
to have experiments and to test things relating to SDI not only in the laboratories but also out of laboratories, including in space.
而且這項權利應適用于實驗室內外，包括宇宙空間里。
So who was going to accept that? It would have taken a madman to accept that.'
所以，誰會接受呢？接受了就是懦夫。
The translated remarks yesterday by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and remarks by President Reagan.
以下是蘇聯領導人戈爾巴喬夫與里根總統昨天對話情況的翻譯版：
We'll hear defenders and critics of SDI later in tonight's program,
在今晚的項目中，我們會聽到與《戰略防御計劃》有關的正面和負面評論，
but first NPR's Jim Angle, just back from Iceland, joins us to discuss what the two leaders almost achieved.
但首先，剛從冰島回來的國家公共電臺的吉姆會跟我們一起討論兩國領導人基本上達成的成果。
It is really amazing when you look at what the two Superpowers were able to do
讓人驚訝的是，在短短24小時的時間里，美蘇兩個超級大國竟然能達成如此巨大的成果，
really in a period of twenty-four hours beginning with the experts meetings on Saturday night.
這24小時還包含了從周六晚上開始的專家會談。
In that twenty-four-hour-period, the two sides agreed to the most sweeping arms control proposals
在這24小時的時間里，雙方一致同意美蘇歷史性
in the history of negotiations between the US and the Soviet Union.
會談期間極具影響力的軍備控制提案。
They agreed to fifty percent cuts in all offensive weapons, all offensive strategic weapons over five years,
雙方也一致同意要在未來5年中對所有進攻性武器進行50%的削減。
then went beyond that later on, in a proposal from President Reagan,
隨后，雙方在里根總統的一份提案進一步認同：
to eliminate all offensive ballistic missiles at the end of a ten-year period.
用10年的時間銷毀所有進攻性武器。
They also agreed on INF, or intermediate-range nuclear weapons, which are now both in Europe and in Asia.
雙方一致同意中程核力量(INF)，目前中程核力量已在歐洲和亞洲生效。
In the Soviet case, they agreed to eliminate all intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe
蘇聯方面同意銷毀其在歐洲的所有中程核力量，
and to reduce those in Asia by eighty-five percent to one hundred warheads, leaving the US with one hundred warheads as well.
并將其在亞洲的中程核力量減少85%，保留100個彈頭；美國方面則是保留100個彈頭。
These were the kind of cuts in nuclear weapons that no one anticipated when they came to Iceland.
這種程度的削減是冰島會議之前各方都未曾料到的。
At first the US did not expect the negotiations to be that detailed,
起初，美國未曾料到談判會談到如此細節的內容，
nor did anyone anticipate that two sides would actually start moving that quickly
各方也未曾料到雙方的進展會如此之快，
on something that they had been talking about for so long and been unable to do.
竟然聊到了這么長時間以來一直做不到的事情。
Tell us more about what the mood was like in Hofdi House during the negotiations.
蒂姆是否可以多介紹下霍夫迪樓談判桌上的氛圍？
The arms control experts met all night. They began at 8 p.m., quit at 6:30 the next morning.
整夜，軍備控制方面的專家都在會談。會談開始于晚8點，次日早上6:30才結束。
The two leaders were briefed by their respective groups somewhere around 9 o'clock that morning and began meeting again at 10.
當天早上9點，兩國領導人聽各自代表團的人介紹了情況，然后又于10點再次會談。
Then they started moving very quickly on the negotiations.
隨后，會談進展很快。
The Soviets came back, for instance, and quickly resolved the medium-range missiles issue after some argument for quite a while.
比如，蘇聯方面很快就解決了中程導彈的問題，雖然之前進行了一小會兒的討論。
At this point, the negotiators, the advisors on the US side, some of them said that what was happening was really breathtaking
對此，美方的一些談判家和顧問都表示進展驚人。
because they were beginning to sense that these things were falling together,
因為他們開始感覺到局面開始明朗，
that there was this enormous movement between the two sides, movement in both their positions,
也感覺到雙方已經有了重大進展，雙方的立場都有改變，
that no one had anticipated when they arrived in Iceland.
這是并冰島會議前未曾有人料到的。
At that point, even President Reagan apparently asked some of his advisors whether or not they were moving too fast,
至此，就連里根總統也直接問顧問：
whether or not they were going too far.
是否進展的太快太深。
And they would re-examine positions to make sure that things weren't moving so quickly
雙方也開始重新審視自己的立場，以確保是否進展的太快，
that they didn't realize the implications of what they were doing.
是否會導致意想不到的后果。
In fact, one advisor said on one particular issue President Reagan said, No. That is too far. We will not go with that opposition.'
實際上，有一位顧問表示，在談到某個問題的時候，里根總統說，“不行，進展地太快了，過猶不及啊?！?/div>
At the very end, the advisors did not know what was happening;
這時候其實已經是結束了，但顧問們還不知道是怎么回事；
in fact at one point, when the first meeting broke up on Sunday, it was supposed to be the last meeting,
實際上，第一次會晤于周日結束的時候，本應該是最后一次會晤的，
they were out in the motorcade in the cars until they found out President Reagan had told the media that they were meeting again.
大家走進車隊上車后才發現里根總統已經告訴媒體會進行再次會晤了。
They got out of cars, went back into Hofdi House.
他們走到車外，又回到了霍夫迪樓。
At the very end, they did not know what was happening in the talks.
這時候，大家還不知道會談中發生了什么。
They got word that the two leaders were finished, that they were going out of the building.
有人聽聞消息稱：兩國領導人已經結束會談并走出會場了。
They went down the stairs, looked over the stairwell, had no idea at this point what the result of the discussions had been.
他們走下樓，望向樓梯井，完全不知道會談的結果是什么。
And then officials in the back asked one official in the front who could see the two leaders, What did their faces look like?
然后，后面的工作人員問前面的一位工作人員誰看到兩位領導人了，“他們長什么樣啊？”
That official said, They're not smiling. And at that point,
被問到的工作人員說，“他們都不帶笑的?！?/div>
they knew that nothing had been agreed to and they had come so close to such a major agreement and they had failed.'
這時候，他們才知道根本什么都沒達成，本來就要達成重大協議了，但是功虧一簣了。
'Well, everything fell apart at the last meeting because of the Strategic Defensive Initiative. What were the points of disagreement?'
可以這么說，最后都是因為《戰略防御計劃》才導致上次會議功虧一簣的。為什么不同意呢？
'Well, there were basically two. The Soviets wanted to restrict SDI work to the laboratory
有兩個原因，其一：蘇聯希望能限制將《戰略防御計劃》限制到只在實驗室里進行，
which the US says is a more restrictive interpretation of the ABM Treaty,
但美國認為這樣的想法比《反彈道導彈條約》要求的還要嚴格，
the Anti-Ballistic Missiles Treaty, than anyone has ever proposed.
誰也沒提出過比這還嚴苛的方案。
Also that at the end of ten years, the Soviets wanted to begin discussions about deployment;
其二：十年期結束之時，蘇聯想就部署問題進行會談；
the Americans wanted, insisted that they had the right to deploy at the end of ten years.
而美國則堅持認為自己有權利在十年期結束時進行部署。
Throughout three drafts of language on this, the Soviets continued to insist on limiting SDI to the laboratory;
整個過程中，蘇聯都堅持要將《戰略防御計劃》限制到只在實驗室里進行；
the Americans hoped that they would eventually drop it, as they do sometimes in negotiations.
而美國則希望蘇聯能松口，畢竟談判過程中蘇聯時有松口。
But they did not. The interesting thing here is that the Soviets had sweetened the deal to such an extent,
但蘇聯最后還是不同意。有趣的是：蘇聯已經一讓再讓，
had laid out this amazing agreement between the two,
提出了這份令人震驚的雙邊協議，
that the two powers had come so close to this major agreement, that this was, they hoped,
兩國領導人馬上就要達成重大協議了，蘇聯方面也希望
the bait that would get President Reagan to adopt what people in the United States have called the grand compromise,
能將這份協議能引誘里根總統采取美國人口中的“巨大妥協”，
which was to trade SDI for deproductions in offensive missies.
用不在生產進攻性導彈來換取《戰略防御計劃》的讓步。
At the end, the President rejected that. And American official think that they have not lost that deal.
最后，里根總統拒絕了。美國官員認為并沒有失去這份協議。
And the question now is what will happen next.
現在的問題是未來會怎樣。
What will US and the US and the Soviet Union agree to or fail to agree to in the Geneva arms talks?
在日內瓦的軍備會談中，美蘇兩國會在哪些方面達成共識，哪些方面會有分歧。
OK. Thank you. NPR's Jim Angle.
好的，謝謝國家公共電臺記者吉姆為我們發回的報道。
| 重點單詞 | 查看全部解釋 | |||
| anticipated | [æn'tisipeit] |
想一想再看 adj. 預期的；期望的 v. 預料（anticipat |
||
| accord | [ə'kɔ:d] |
想一想再看 n. 一致，符合 |
聯想記憶 | |
| summit | ['sʌmit] |
想一想再看 n. 頂點;最高階層 |
聯想記憶 | |
| adopt | [ə'dɔpt] |
想一想再看 v. 采用，收養，接受 |
聯想記憶 | |
| detailed | [di'teild] |
想一想再看 adj. 詳細的 |
||
| bait | [beit] |
想一想再看 n. 餌，引誘 |
聯想記憶 | |
| enormous | [i'nɔ:məs] |
想一想再看 adj. 巨大的，龐大的 |
聯想記憶 | |
| threatening | ['θretniŋ] |
想一想再看 adj. 威脅(性)的，兇兆的 動詞threaten的現 |
||
| eliminate | [i'limineit] |
想一想再看 v. 除去，剔除; 忽略 |
聯想記憶 | |
| movement | ['mu:vmənt] |
想一想再看 n. 活動，運動，移動，[音]樂章 |
聯想記憶 |
