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Boys born in London's Chelsea can expect to live nearly nine years longer than those born in Blackpool.
出生在倫敦切爾西的孩子可以期望比出生在布萊克普爾的孩子多活接近9年。
Opportunities are limited for those stuck in the wrong place, and the wider economy suffers.
對于身陷錯誤地區的人而言，機會是有限的，而涉及面更廣的經濟體卻深受其害。
If all its citizens had lived in places of high productivity over the past 50 years, America's economy could have grown twice as fast as it did.
如果其全體公民在過去的半個世紀中都居住在高生產力地區，美國經濟可能會以兩倍之快的速度增長。
Divergence is the result of big forces.
差異是幾大力量的結果。
In the modern economy scale is increasingly important.
在現代經濟中，規模愈發重要。
The companies with the biggest hoards of data can train their machines most effectively; the social network that everyone else is on is most attractive to new users; the stock exchange with the deepest pool of investors is best for raising capital.
擁有最大數據儲備的公司能夠最有效地訓練它們的機器；其他人都在上面的社交網絡最吸引新用戶；擁有最深的投資者蓄水池的股票交易所最利于籌集資金。
These returns to scale create fewer, superstar firms clustered in fewer, superstar places.
這些規模的回報在越來越少的、超級明星般的地區造就出越來越少的、超級明星般的公司。
Everywhere else is left behind.
剩下的地區被落在了后面。
Even as regional disparities widen, people are becoming less mobile.
在地區差異拉大的同時，人們正變得少了不那么流動了。
The percentage of Americans who move across state lines each year has fallen by half since the 1990s.
自上世紀90年代以來，每年都跨州流動的美國人的比例下降了一半。
The typical American is more footloose than the average European, yet lives less than 30 kilometres from his parents.
一般而言，美國人比普通歐洲人更能夠四海為家，然而他們卻住在離父母不到30公里的地方。
Demographic shifts help explain this, including the rise in two-earn-er households and the need to care for ageing family members.
人口變化有助于解釋這一點，以及雙職工家庭和對照顧上了年紀的家庭成員的需求的增加。
But the bigger culprit is poor policies.
但是，更大錯誤是糟糕的政策。
Soaring housing costs in prosperous cities keep newcomers out.
富裕城市中飛漲的住房成本將新人拒之門外。
In Europe a scarcity of social housing leads people to hang on to cheap flats.
在歐洲，社會住房的稀缺導致人們困守廉價公寓。
In America the spread of state-specific occupational licensing and government benefits punishes those who move.
在美國，州里所特有的職業注冊與政府福利懲罰的是流動之人。
The pension of a teacher who stays in the same state could be twice as big as that of a teacher who moves mid-career.
呆在同一個州里的教師的養老金可能是在執教期間四處流動的教師的兩倍之多。
